Pediatr. pro Praxi, 2001; 6: 269-273

Sideropenická anémie v dětském věku

MUDr. Dagmar Pospíšilová
Dětská klinika LF UP a FN Olomouc

Keywords: iron deficiency anaemia, iron deficiency, microcytosis, hypochromia, feritin.

Published: December 31, 2001  Show citation

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Pospíšilová D. Sideropenická anémie v dětském věku. Pediatr. praxi. 2001;2(6):269-273.

Deficit železa je nejčastější příčinou anémie a nejčastějším nutričním deficitem v dětském věku v celosvětovém měřítku. Prevalence sideropenické anémie ve vyspělých zemích se v posledních 20 letech výrazně snížila. Tento trend je výsledkem programů fortifikace kojenecké výživy železem a vzrůstající popularitou kojení. Deficit železa zůstává však stále vážným problémem v rozvojových zemích. Deficit železa je nutno považovat za systémové onemocnění, jehož nejvýraznějším projevem je právě sideropenická anémie. Nedostatek železa se nejčastěji manifestuje v obdobích se zvýšenými požadavky na jeho přísun (kojenecký věk, puberta, těhotenství, laktace). Sideropenická anémie v kojeneckém věku může mít vliv na vývoj dítěte. V diferenciální diagnostice je důležité odlišit heterozygotní formu beta-talasemie a anémii chronických chorob, ostatní příčiny mikrocytární anémie jsou vzácné.

Iron deficiency anaemia in childhood

Worldwidely, iron deficiency is the most common cause of anaemia and the most common nutritional defect in children. The prevalence of iron deficiciency in highly developed countries has changed considerably over the past two decades. These trends undoubtedly reflect the widespread use of iron-fortified formulas and cereals and the increasing popularity of breast feeding. However, iron deficiency anaemia remains a serious problem in developing countries. It is appropriate to regard iron deficiency as a systemic nutritional disorder of which anaemia is only one expression. The peak ages for manifest iron deficiency correspond to the periods of increased demands on iron intake (infant age, adolescent age, pregnancy, breast feeding). Iron deficiency anaemia in infant age can influence the child´s development. In differential diagnosis, it is necessary to differentiate beta-thalaassaemia and anaemia of chronic diseases. Other causes of microcytic anaemia are rare.

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References

  1. Ballin, A., Berar, M., Rubinstein U, et al. (1992): Iron state in female adolescents. Am. J. Dis. Child., 146: 803-805. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  2. Lanzkowski, P. (1999): Iron deficiency anemia. In: Lanzkowski, P.: Manual of pediatric hematology and oncology, Third edition, Academic press.
  3. Oski, F.A. (1993): Iron deficiency in infancy and childhood. N. Engl. J. Med., 329: 190-193. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...




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