Pediatr. pro Praxi, 2004; 3: 133-136

Chirurgická léčba hydrocefalu v dětském věku

MUDr. Radim Lipina, MUDr. Tomáš Paleček Ph.D
Neurochirurgická klinika, Fakultní nemocnice s poliklinikou Ostrava

Keywords: endoscopy, hydrocephalus, surgical treatment, complications, ventriculostomy, shunt operations.

Published: December 31, 2004  Show citation

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Lipina R, Paleček T. Chirurgická léčba hydrocefalu v dětském věku. Pediatr. praxi. 2004;7(3):133-136.

Hydrocefalus je onemocnění vzniklé na podkladě poruchy tvorby, cirkulace nebo resorpce mozkomíšního moku. V dětském věku vzniká z příčin vrozených nebo získaných, ke kterým patří zejména intrakraniální krvácení, zánět CNS a úraz hlavy. Klinické projevy závisejí na typu a rychlosti vzniku hydrocefalu, akutní progrese je spojena s ohrožením života dítěte. U převážné většiny pacientů je nutná chirurgická léčba. Nejčastěji prováděným zákrokem jsou zkratové operace, které jsou však zatíženy vysokým procentem pozdních komplikací. V posledním desetiletí došlo k rozšíření endoskopických operací, při nichž nedochází k implantaci cizorodého materiálu a jsou minimálně invazivní. K prevenci a včasnému rozpoznání komplikací je nutné pravidelné sledování dítěte a spolupráce pediatra s dětským neurologem a neurochirurgem.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HYDROCEPHALUS IN CHILDREN AGE

Hydrocephalus is a disease developing on the basis of defective creation, circulation or resorbence of the cerebrospinal fluid. In children age it develops due to congenital or acquired causes including primarily intracranial bleeding, CNS inflammation and head injury. Clinical symptoms depend on type and speed of development of the hydrocephalus; acute progression may cause the child-s death. In prevailing majority of patients a surgical operation is necessary. The most frequently performed procedure is a shunt operation, which is however associated with high percent of late complications. In the recent decade, endoscopic operations have been used increasingly; they are minimum invasive and no foreign material is implanted therein. For prevention and early recognition of complications it is necessary to monitor the child and provide for co-operation of the paediatrician with children neurologist and neurosurgeon.

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