Dobrý člověk a lékař: primář Vladimír Rambousek

MUDr. Josef Gut

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):215  

Past and present of paediatric dental care

MUDr. Zdeňka Šustová

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4)

The paper looks back at the former systematic group dental care in schoolchildren, characterizes the current system of provision of dental care to children, and presents a brief overview of the strategy and options of dental care in the periods of deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentitions.

Intimate hygiene of children

MUDr. Zuzana Dostálová Ph.D, MUDr. Ingrid Rejdová, MUDr. David Starý, MUDr. Matěj Husár, MUDr. Jiří Tůma, CSc, MUDr. Ladislav Plánka, Ph.D

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):220-223  

Hygienic rules in personal hygiene, dressing and life style have in girls and boys a specific significance. The rules are different in individual life periods and especially in girls are associated with hormonal changes during life periods. In conjunction with hormonal changes diseases depend on presence or absence of estrogens. Hygiene of external genital in boys is mostly associated with care of prepuce sack. During gradual separation of inner layer of foreskin from glans problems with hygiene may transiently be raised and balanoposthitis may develop. Its consequence may be subsequent cicatricial phimoses that may be also congenital as well as hydrocela....

Venous thromboses in neonates

MUDr. Jozef Macko

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):224-226  

Venous thromboses occur infrequently in the neonatal period. Given the characteristics of the neonatal coagulation activity, a neonate, particularly a premature one, is rather predisposed to bleeding complications. However, in the context of minimum endogenous fibrinolytic activity, every thrombotic complication is a potentially serious condition which requires adequate diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Partial thromboses of the venous bed may not have a distinct clinical correlate and may manifest clinically later in the child‘s life. Arterial thromboses are rare and are not dealt with in this paper; their occurrence is almost invariably...

Trends in prevention of pneumococcal infections in children

prof. MUDr. Roman Prymula DrSc., Ph.D

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):227-232  

Immunization against pneumococci creates today already a cornerstone of immunization calendars in vast majority of developed countries worldwide. A major reduction of invasive pneumococcal diseases in US is possible to consider as quite unquestionable success. In the course of few years all problems seem not to be solved. Serotype 19A is a major issue in US, which otherwise did not disprove the total benefit, however no doubts it limits overall impact. Similarly a replacement with non-vaccine serotypes in some other countries decreases overall efficacy of such a provision. Future vaccines will have indeed extended coverage, however question is,...

Issues of care of the term infant after discharge from hospital to home care

doc. MUDr. Zbyněk Straňák, CSc., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):233-236  

Currently, neonates are discharged from neonatal units in conformity with the recommendations of the Czech Society of Neonatology and the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic guidelines 72 hours after delivery at the earliest. The recommended length of hospitalization allows for detecting serious cases of impaired neonatal adaptation after birth (particularly the signs of perinatal asphyxia), ruling out early forms of perinatal infections, ruling out serious congenital developmental defects, optimizing breastfeeding and/or formula feeding, diagnosing and treatment of severe forms of neonatal jaundice, and performing compulsory screening...

Facial dermatoses in children

MUDr. Stanislava Polášková

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):241-246  

The author deals with facial dermatoses from the neonatal period to puberty. From a wide range of conditions, she selects the most common diagnoses, and discusses the treatment options and differential diagnosis.

Principles of benefit and safety evaluation of probiotics and characterization of registered food supplements containing probiotics and prebiotics

RNDr. Vladimír Špelina, CSc, Ing. Daniela Winklerová

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):247-250  

The paper deals with probiotic microorganisms in foods including food supplements which are in increasing focus of scientists, consumers and food producers during last years. This interest arises from knowledge that intentional use of microorganisms with certain characteristics may provide beneficial effects on human health. Effects of probiotics, especially their potential of immunomodulation, have been shown in many studies, though not always confirmed explicitly. Therefore, new rules for evaluation of the effects of probiotics as well as for justification of health claims are being settled. At the same time the assessment of safety of relevant...

Diagnostics and treatment of concomitant strabismus

MUDr. Ondřej Vláčil, MUDr. Kateřina Špačková

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):251-253  

The strabismus means the asymetric position of the eyes. The 4–6 % of children´s population is concerned. The amblyopia is contemporary present very often. If these situations aren´t adequately treated, the risk of bad visual acuity and the failure development of binocular functions is high. The efect of treatment depends on early diagnosis of the failure. The screening tests are mostly provided in pediatric consulting room, good cooperation between ocularists and pediatrists is very important.

Influenza vaccination and chemoprophylaxis in children

MUDr. Martina Havlíčková, MUDr. Jan Kynčl

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):254-256  

Vaccination against influenza is a crucial tool to prevent this infection. The most important target groups are the defined high-risk cohorts. Influenza in the youngest age groups, i. e. in children under 2 or 4 years of age, has been repeatedly reported to be relatively often associated with a complicated course and hospitalization. Other serious pathogens in children of this age groups are RSV, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses and rhinoviruses. Whether to burden a non-high-risk preschool child with an extra vaccination in addition to the basic immunization calendar is a rather complicated question. While in the USA influenza vaccination is...

Management of failure to thrive with special infant formula

MUDr. Radana Kotalová CSc, doc. MUDr. Květa Bláhová, CSc, MUDr. Petra Štěpánovská

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):257-258  

Biliary atresia is the most common indication for liver transplantation in children. Liver failure results in a serious failure to thrive and a poor nutrition status negatively affects the success rate of transplantation. Providing a good nutrition status in a child with the above diagnosis is the mainstay of therapy; the situation is usually complicated by the development of ascites. The case report describes the management of this case by administering suitable dietetic products for infants.

Could we have been more quick?

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel CSc, MUDr. Marie Macků, MUDr. Marcel Schüller, Ph.D, prof. Tamara Sarkisian, MD, PhD, DSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):260-265  

Usually is periodic fever symptom of recurrent infections, autoimmune or neoplastic disorders. Familial periodic fever syndromes or hereditary autoinflammatory syndromes are rare in childhood. Great progress has been made in the comprehension of the familial periodic fever syndromes from identifying the genetic mutations in many of these syndromes. Among childrens with prolonged fever of unknown origin or clinical course compatible with non-infectious hereditary autoinflammatory syndromes must be ruled out. The authors present their experience with diagnose and treatment with one of the hereditary autoinflammatory syndrome.

Cochlear implantation in children with multiple handicaps

MUDr. Zdenka Aksenovová

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):266-268  

The aim of this study was to identify the benefit of cochlear implantation in children with multiple handicaps. The author described the group of 25 children after cochlear implantation and evaluated the level of their auditory perception, communication and speech production. The results show that children with multiple handicaps can be successful cochlear implant users and implantation can improve the quality of their live.

Utilization of basal stimulation

Romana Drápalová

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):269-271  

The article brings our first experience with basal stimulation in a Clinic of Paediatric Oncology, Faculty Hospital Brno. Our nursing care, according to a basic concepts of basal stimulation, starts with early physiotherapy, thus significantly increasing quality of life of our patients and decreasing lenghth of hospitalisation. Concept of basal stimulation gives to our nursing care therapeutic relevance.

Hirschsprung´s disease as a cause of chronic obstipation

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál CSc, MUDr. Kamila Michálková, MUDr. Tomáš Malý Ph.D, MUDr. Patrik Flodr, MUDr. Eva Karásková

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):272-273  

The authors present a 9-year-old patient with persistent constipation, abdominal distension, pain and intermittent vomiting, who was admitted to the hospital because of progress of fecaloma in the left meso-hypogastrium. Anorectal manometric study showed the absence of internal anal sphincter relaxation and contrast enema radiographs has confirmed extreme proximal sigmoideum and colon descendens dilatation. Swenson´s operation with left hemicolectomy and coloanal anastomosis side-to-end was performed. Intraoperative histological examination of resected bowel verified diagnosis of Hirschsprung´s disease.

Malpractice in pediatrics - oversea view

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):275-276  

As a structured form were presented some of lawsuits in pediatrice practice in the USA. Beyond law's differences between USA and Czech Republic are some of these experiences very important for Czech pediatricians.

Kongenitální epulis

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel CSc, MUDr. Dan Wechsler, MUDr. Dalibor Janeček, Ph.D

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(4):274