Slovo úvodem

Vladimír Mihál

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):71  

Asthma and respiratory virus infections in childhood

MUDr.Jarmila Turzíková

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):78-80  

Respiratory virus infections play a significant role in producing acute exacerbations of asthma in children and adults. It was shown that in asthma patients there is insufficient immunologic reaction against respiratory virus infection. Asthma patient is in case of viral infection reacting similary as in contact with allergen. In the treatment of acute virus induced astma exacerbation should be early used systemic glucocorticosteroids and bronchodilatators, in prevention of virus induced astma exacerbation play the most important role inhaled glucocorticosteroids and antileukotriens.

Allergic rhinitis - summerizing from otolaryngologist’s view point

MUDr.Hana Fišerová

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):82-86  

The treatment of allergic rhinitis is stepwise. Antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids play the main role in the therapy. Saline douche is a simple and inexpensive treatment without adverse events which was shown to bear efficacy. Practical tips can help to improve the results of the treatment.

Neutropenia in children

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):87-91  

Neutropenia is a common finding in children. Normal white blood cell count can vary between age, however, certain disease states can lead to leukopenia. It is important for the pediatrician to obtain a thorough history, physical exam, family history as well as obtain further studies to investigate the etiology. Often leukopenia is caused by viral or bacterial infections and will usually resolve upon treatment of the illness, however if symptoms persist or if the origin is not infectious in etiology, the cause could be oncologic, autoimmune, or hereditary. Once the diagnosis addressing the origin is made, treatment of the etiology will usually...

Urinary tract infection - the urological point of view

MUDr.Zdeněk Dítě

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):92-97  

Urinary tract infection is a common bacterial infection and a frequent cause of fever and renal parenchymal loss in infants. It is often connected with an anomaly of the urinary tract (posterior urethral valve, phimosis, vesicoureteral reflux or dysfunction of the urinary tract). A prompt diagnosis and initiation of the treatment is imperative in preventing long-term sequeale (renal scarring, arterial hypertension, proteinuria, pregnancy complications, renal insufficiency etc.)

New trends in paediatric skin care

MUDr.Kateřina Macháčková

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):99-102  

The specific features of physiology and anatomy of neonatal and paediatric skin require a thorough knowledge of pharmacokinetics of dermatological external drugs. An ideal drug should be rapid-acting, safe, and in a cosmetically acceptable galenic form. The article deals with the options of local treatment in paediatric age, highlights the treatment-associated risks, and offers safe alternatives of both proprietary medicinal products and extemporaneous preparations.

Epileptic and non-epileptic seizures in childhood

doc.MUDr.Pavel Kršek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):106-109  

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. It is more frequent in children than in adults. Epileptic seizure could however occur also in patients without epilepsy; it is one of the most common symptoms of neurological disorders. Clinical manifestations of epileptic seizures are very diverse and their terminology and classification is often difficult. Moreover, it is necessary to distinguish epileptic seizures from different non-epileptic events. The following text represents a short summary of this complex issue.

Alternative nutrition in children

MUDr.Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):110-114  

Vegetarianism is becoming more common among adults, with 1 in 40 adults currently choosing a vegetarian diet. Consequently, more children are raised as vegetarians. Vegetarianism is adopted for various reasons, including moral, religious, and health. Well-planned vegetarian diets can satisfy the nutritional needs and promote normal growth of infants and children. Several vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients may be deficient within a vegetarian diet. Infants and young children should not be fed a vegan diet.

Recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis and change of disease course with vaccination against human papillomavirus

MUDr.Karel Goldemund, CSc., MUDr.Michaela Máchalová, prof.MUDr.Ivo Šlapák, CSc., prof.MUDr.Jaroslav Štěrba, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):115-117  

A case report of the course of laryngeal papillomatosis in a five-year-old girl who was diagnosed with the disease at the age of two. During the course of the disease, it was necessary to repeatedly perform extirpation of papillomas and, recently, the intervals between the procedures have become increasingly shorter. We attempted to affect the course of the disease by interfering with the immune mechanisms against the disease-causing agent, the human papillomavirus (HPV). Following the detection of anti-HPV negative antibodies and the demonstration of HPV 11 in the bioptic material, we decided to vaccinate with the Gardasil vaccine. So far,...

Case of a thirteen-year-old patient with a history of complicated Lyme arthritis

MUDr.Peter Mikolášek, MUDr.Lenka Krbková, CSc., MUDr.Jan Pavelka, MUDr.Lukáš Homola, doc.MUDr.Drahomíra Bartošová, CSc., MUDr.Šimon Ondruš, MUDr.Jana Bednářová, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Boris Habanec, DrSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):118-120  

The diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis is beginning to emerge more often as a nosologic unit not only in explicit forms but also in difficult to diagnose cases in daily routine of pediatricians and other specialists. Even after treatment lege artis the most immunogenic form of Lyme borreliosis, Lyme arthritis, can cause chronic joint problems or potentiate developing of autoimmune disorders not only in children. In the paper we introduce a case of a complicated Lyme gonitis that required surgical intervention.

Comparing of pharmacological, dietetic and regimen arrangements in hyperlipidemias treatment

MUDr.Jiří Hyjánek, MUDr.Dalibor Pastucha, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):121-124  

for atherosclerosis prevention in childhood Hyperlipidemias are one of the commonest inherited metabolic disorders. They are a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The article compares non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment of these conditions in children and adolescents. The results of atorvastatin treatment (10 mg daily) are compared with international randomised studies.

Safe nursing practices - newborn´s and infant´s bathing

Mgr.Jaroslava Fendrychová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):126-128  

Bathing of a newborn and an infant is one of the activities which the pediatric nurses or midwives do on a daily basis although they do not recommend the mothers to bathe their baby every day. On the basis of the current findings it is not necessary to bathe the newborn every day but only wash the face and the anal end genital area. The nurses do follow the changes in baby care but they themselves do not comply with them in their everyday practice. Therefore it is necessary for them to know the reasons for these changes which are aimed not only at adequate care of the skin of the newborns but also at their safety.

Unexpected alteration of behaviour with neurological finding as a manifestation of transient leucoencephalopathy

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., doc.MUDr.Dagmar Pospíšilová, Ph.D., MUDr.Zbyněk Novák, MUDr.Marta Neklanová, MUDr.Jiří Houda, MUDr.Eva Čecháková, MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):132-134  

in two children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia The authors refer clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of a rare transient leucoencephalopathy in two patients suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with chemotherapy.

Prevention and treatment of neonatal herpesvirus infections

doc.MUDr.Drahomíra Bartošová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):129-131  

This paper focuses on the transmission of the herpesviruses infections from pregnant women to the neonate, clinical manifestations of infection, risk factors for morbidity and mortality, prevention and therapy. varicella syndrome (CVS), neonatal varicella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), congenital CMV infection, prevention, treatment.

Significance of HPV vaccination in preventing cervical adenocarcinoma

MUDr.Petr Halada

Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):135-136  

In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and a decrease in the incidence of the squamous-cell form. Regarding vaccination against HPV, cross-protection is encountered. Antibodies formed during the response generated by vaccine antigens can also provide protection against other closely related antigens. Thus, the spectrum of vaccine efficacy is extended. This fact may play an essential role in preventing not only squamous-cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix but also adenocarcinomas.

Autodidaktický test 2/2010

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Pediatr. praxi. 2010;11(2):138