Pediatrie pro praxi je úspěšná na cestě ke svým čtenářům

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Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):71  

Social phobia in children

doc.MUDr.Eva Malá, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):76-78  

When diagnosing pathological anxiety in children one needs to consider the following aspects: development, maturity, society and communication. Behavioral inhibition/extreme shyness/is a permanent temperament trait, often combined with poor recognition of emotional facial expressions. It is defined by biological markers and reflects a specific susceptibility to neurotic disorders. Children with anxiety suffer from a behavioral inhibition related to persistent fear and show a marked body reaction to stress. In adolescence such children will be at higher risk of chronic anxiety, depression and substance abuse. A treatment would include a combination...

Neonatal pneumococcal infections

MUDr.Renata Kračmarová, MUDr.Lenka Ryšková, MUDr.Pavel Kosina

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):80-82  

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rarely recognised cause of neonatal disorder, but outcome (mortality, neurological sequele) is particularly severe. Sepsis or meningitis are frequent clinical presentation. Possible mechanisms fetal or neonatal infection are: transplacentally to maternal bacteremia, ascending infection from the maternal genital tract, passage throug a colonized birth canal, or postpartum by respiratory spread. These infections are associated with prematurity, prolonged rupture of membranes and especially maternal vaginal colonization, which is the main risk factor. Maternal colonization is rare, but if it is found, it should not...

Urticarias in children

doc.MUDr.Marie Viktorinová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):83-90  

The clinical diagnosis of urticaria is straightforward; it is the identification of the causative factors that may be difficult. Based on the etiopathogenesis, urticarias are typically divided into contact, physical and secondary to nonimmunological or immunological mechanisms; a distinct clinical entity is urticarial vasculitis. The paper presents the diagnostic procedures used in the etiopathogenetic diagnosis of, in particular, acute urticarias and angioedema in childhood. Also, an overview of medications currently used for the treatment of urticaria is provided.

The thyroid gland in primary pediatric care

MUDr.Božena Kalvachová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):91-93  

Disorders of the thyroid axis in children and adolescents occur in 4–6 % of the population and their number increases. The presentation deals with diagnostics and treatment of common thyreopathies, subclinical as well as manifest; rare disorders and tumors are also marginally mentioned. Outline and limits of the pediatric first line care of thyreopathic patiens and collaboration with the endocrinologist is an attempt for a definition of a sophisticated work division.

Breast milk as a source of bacteria with potentially probiotic effects

MUDr.Jiří Bronský, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):94-96  

Probiotics and biotherapeutic agents are defined as live microorganisms that, following ingestion, modify the composition of the human intestinal microflora, thus bringing health benefits. In several recent years, these microorganisms have been the subject of major medical interest. In early twenty-first century, initial scientific papers appeared concerning possible probiotic potential of bacterial strains isolated from breast milk. The composition of the intestinal microflora is primarily dependent on intestinal colonization immediately after birth the sources of which may be the vaginal mucosa, maternal intestinal microflora, hospital-like...

Invasive fungal infection: application of antifungal drugs in pediatric practice

doc.MUDr.Petr Sedláček, CSc., MUDr.Vanda Chrenková, MUDr.Petra Keslová

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):98-101  

Invasive fungal infection (IFI) continues to be frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates and in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent children. Although these infections have been well characterized in adults, incidence, diagnostic tools, analysis of risk factors and treatment outcomes have not been well described in children. Data regarding the efficacy, safety and proper dosing of widely used antifungals in children of different age categories still remain to be solved. In this paper we would like to summarize news published about this specific topic of pediatrics over year 2010 and excerpted in PubMed database.

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

MUDr.Jakub Zieg, doc.MUDr.Květa Bláhová, CSc., doc.MUDr.Jiří Dušek, CSc., prof.MUDr.Jan Janda, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):102-104  

Hemolytic uremic syndrome is the most frequent cause of acute renal failure in children. The disease is characterised by a specific clinical picture and by particular laboratory results. However, various forms of this disease with different pathogenesis have been recognised recently. This article deals with the up to date knowledge of etiology and therapeutic strategies of this syndrome. This is essential for the outcome of patients and the right treatment.

Parasitic diseases of skin and hair in children

MUDr.Stanislava Polášková

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):105-107  

The most common parasitic diseases in children are pediculosis and pulicosis; also, scabies occurs frequently. Recently, cases of cimicosis have been reported. Trombidiasis is common in late summer. Parasitic conditions also include various insect bites and tick attachment. Treatment needs to be aimed at not only eliminating the parasite and relieving skin manifestations, but also at preventing recurrence, i. e. treating possible contacts and applying proper hygiene measures. agents.

When the treatment of infantile haemangiomas is indicated?

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Zbyněk Novák, Eva Hůlková, MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):108-110  

Infantile haemangiomas (IH) are the most common benign tumours of infancy. Although most IH are innocuous and 85–90 % regress spontaneously, some may become life- or function-threatening and require immediate treatment. Previous standard therapeutic options include systemic corticosteroids, in severe cases also vincristine, -interferon α or cyclophosphamide, all bearing the risk of serious side-effects. Oral propranolol is a very recent therapeutic option for complicated (alarming) IH with impressive efficacy and generally good tolerance.

Fevers as the main disease manifestation

MUDr.Petra Król, doc.MUDr.Pavla Doležalová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):111-114  

Fever belongs to the main disease manifestations in childhood. It is mainly a feature of infections, but also of a variety of inflammatory and neoplastic disorders. Differential diagnosis of protracted or recurrent fever is often challenging. It is based on the meticulous directed history, evaluation of clinical and laboratory findings during the fever episode as well as at afebrile interval. Periodic fever syndromes are clinical entities within the broad spectrum of autoinflammatory disorders. They are characterised by disruption of innate immune mechanisms. Recurrent fever episodes are accompanied with localised inflammatory manifestations....

Acute otitis media in children - diagnosis, therapy, complications

MUDr.Josef Machač, MUDr.Pavel Horník, MUDr.Tomáš Habanec

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):115-118  

Authors deal with diagnosis and therapy of acute otitis media and describe acute suppurative complications in children.

Much ado about diverticulum

MUDr.Jaroslav Bělohlávek, MUDr.Romana Bělohlávková, MUDr.Aleš Bílek, MUDr.Jan Brázdil, MUDr.Pavel Jenerál

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):119-120  

The case report describes a 4-year-old boy treated with ibuprofen.

Kawasaki disease - is it found a specific laboratory parameter?

prof.MUDr.Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr.Věra Zejdlová, MUDr.Petr Jabandžiev, MUDr.Dana Dostálková, MUDr.Lenka Dostalová Kopečná, Ph.D., MUDr.Martina Jobová, MUDr.Jiří Štarha, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):121-123  

Some diseases ranked among the vasculitides are common in childhood, others to the contrary, its low incidence. In our country is Kawasaki disease rare, but the possible damage of heart is necessary to remember the differential diagnosis. The present case report highlights a new laboratory marker is still in force in respect of criteria may help to facilitate the diagnosis of incomplete form of Kawasaki disease and noted that in the course of the disease may be complicated by hyponatremia.

Unusual cause of long-term migraine with vertigo

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Kamila Michálková, MUDr.Marta Neklanová, MUDr.Jan Hálek

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):130-131  

The authors present an unusual and unexpected cause of long-term headache accompanied lately with vertigo. Neurological finding was repeatedly normal. Examination with magnetic resonance showed right hemisphere artefacts, which were clarified with presence of metal female screw in the right outer ear. After extraction of foreign metal body all neurological symptoms dissappeared.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation after the year 2010

doc.MUDr.Ivan Novák, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):126-129  

The author summarizes the views and attitudes contained in the new evidence-based medicine guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In adults, emphasis is placed on immediate and continuous external chest compressions and on performing defibrillation as soon as possible. Clearing the airways, artificial respiration and drug administration play secondary roles. The term „chest compressions only, Hands-Only CPR“ is repeatedly mentioned. The emphasis placed on the priority and quality of external chest compressions is so significant that the instructions for performing CPR do not use the A-B-C (airways, breathing, chest...

Principles of pollen allergy treatment

doc.MUDr.Jaromír Bystroň, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):132-134  

The author presents the basic principles of treatment of pollen allergy and presents news in the treatment of these diseases.

Childern’s center - modern form of komplex care for childern in langer

MUDr.František Schneiberg

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):136-137  

Author characterizes childern’s center not only as health facilities but as the modern komplex interdisciplinary care for childern in danger. He describes experience gauner in the social pediatrics center in Germany and explains the principles they are based on. The first experience from the similar center in the Czech Republic are also provided. At the end study autor outlines propsal of childern’s center legislative framework in the CR. He also discusses thein inclusion into the Czech child care.

Monitoring the impact of a six-month administration of Preventan Junior ® in children with a higher incidence of

PharmDr.Richard Richter, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):138-140  

upper respiratory tract infections Preventan® Junior are among the natural substances that support immune system and contains a patented substance ProteQuine®. It is a natural mixture of micronutrients, which plays a role in many biological functions, and one of them is a significant increase in secretory immunoglobulin A (ScIgA) in the saliva, contributing to the increase in immunity. Six-month administration Preventan® Junior to children with higher rates of infection of the upper respiratory tract (URT) resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the number of upper respiratory tract disease in these children by...

Chemie kolem nás

prof.MUDr.Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr.Hana Bučková, Ph.D., MUDr.Jana Gottfriedová, MUDr.Eva Kocánová

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):124  

Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Jan Hálek

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):125  

Autodidaktický test 2/2011

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(2):141-142