Pediatrics for Practice, 2011, issue 3

Editorial

Pedopsychiatrům přibývá práce, v rodinách chybí bezpečí

prof. MUDr. Ján Praško, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):147

Review articles

Bipolar disorder in chilhood and approval of ziprasidone for the treatment of mania in children and adolescents

prof.MUDr.Ivana Drtílková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):151-153

Children with bipolar disorder present many diagnostic difficulties. One of the most difficult problems in preadolescent mania is differentation from ADHD. Recent, placebo-controlled studies have shown that atypical antipsychotics can significantly reduce manic symptoms in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. Children appear to be at higher risk than adults for a number of adverse effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms or metabolic and endocrine changes. Ziprasidone treatment was associated with clinically and statistically significant improvement in children and adolescents with bipolar disorders. Ziprasidone was well tolerated...

Chicken-pox in the vaccination era

MUDr.Hana Roháčová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):154-157

Chicken pox is the only classic childhood illness which is not regularly vaccinated against in the Czech Republic. At the same time, it is one of the most commonly reported infectious diseases in the territory of the country. Chicken pox is an infectious disease whose progress is, in the vast majority of cases, mild; nevertheless, the patient will spend several days in sickbed. Even in an otherwise healthy child or adult, however, a whole range of complications can accompany the course of the illness. Patients with compromised immunity and pregnant women are especially at risk. In the case of pregnant women, both mother and child are threatened.

Sun, sun beds, vitamin D - and what about kids?

doc.MUDr.Karel Ettler, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):158-162

Vitamin D is involved in bone tissue metabolism. Recently it has been suggested to prevent cancer and to have any other positive health effects. UV radiation photosynthesis of vitamin D in the epidermis is its natural source. It could be controversial for some adverse events of UV radiation on the skin. Sunbathing and photoprotection regarding vitamin D serum level and use of mineral sunscreens with nanoparticules in kids are discussed here. Sun beds do not be a suitable source for vitamin D supply. The vitamin D supplementation is possible by diet and drug delivery.

Diarrhoea and acute abdomen in paediatric patient

MUDr.Martin Stašek, MUDr.Lucie Stašková, MUDr.Tomáš Malý, Ph.D., MUDr.Jiří Kysučan, MUDr.Katherine Vomáčková, MUDr.Josef Chudáček

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):163-166

Diarrhoea in pediatric patient is not common sign in acute abdomen and can mislead us to diagnostic delay and delay of operative treatment of acute abdomen from the view point of both paediatrician and surgeon. Following article tries to summarise possible association of symptom of diarrhoea and acute abdomen, points out cautionary signs in diarrheal diseases and solves the modalities of diagnosis, differential diagnosis and selectively therapy.

Puberty from the gyneacologist’s perspective

MUDr.Eliška Hrdonková, doc.MUDr.Zdeněk Rokyta, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):167-170

The aim of this paper is to analyse the main gynaecological aspects of puberty, to describe physiological and pathological conditions and to talk about the most common reasons of examination in gynaecology of adolescent patient, such as disorder of menstrual cycle, vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, contraception, HPV vaccination, intimate hygiene.

Premature infant in the care of a pediatric practitioner

doc.MUDr.Jiří Dort, Ph.D., MUDr.Eva Dortová

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):171-176

A review article on the care for premature infants in a pediatric office, focused on very-low-birth-weight infants who attract the main attention. Besides common treatment and prevention measures they need solving of health problems that may last from peri-neonatal period for a long time. A special care is realized by PP in cooperation with neonatal developmental care centre. In the successful management of somatic diseases (anemia, nutritional and growth compromise, gastroesophageal reflux, osteopathy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia etc.) and impairment of sensorial and psychomotor development other medical as well as non-medical professionals...

Nappy rash

MUDr.Andrea Vocilková

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):177-178

Primary irritant napkin dermatitis presents with much the same frequency in all babies until the use of napkins is discontinued. The buttocks, genitalia, upper thighs and lower abdomen are the areas affected. The flexures tend to be spared. Friction and maceration seem to be important moments of etiology. Further, secondary invasion by Candida may worsen the disorder. For prevention it is important that the napkin area is kept as dry as possible. At each napkin change, a water-repellent emollient should be applied after the area is cleansed with water and dried properly.

Prebiotics in infant nutrition

prof.MUDr.Josef Sýkora, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):180-185

This manuscript focuses on the known health benefits and the potential uses of prebiotics in infant feeding featuring well-designed and carefully conducted randomised controlled trials.

On food allergy

MUDr.Martin Fuchs

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):188-193

Food allergy (FA) affects approximately 2–3 % of the worldwide population except for children under 3 years of age. In this age group, particularly in infants, the prevalence is as high as 5–8 %. FA is by far the first allergy to be diagnosed and presents with gastrointestinal, dermal or, possibly, respiratory symptoms. If FA develops in the first year of life, which may be contributed to by just a few basic foods, a seemingly favorable phenomenon of „burning out“ is observed. About 90 % of early-onset FAs resolve even at preschool age. However, it may in turn predict the development of an allergy that is qualitatively...

Use of botulinum toxin type A in treatment of cerebral palsy

MUDr.Miroslava Muchová

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):194-198

Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of spasticity and movement disorder in children. Untreated spasticity leads to many complications, and therefore it is necessary to treat spasticity timely and adequately. The treatment of spasticity is complex. Botulinum toxin A is part of a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of cerebral palsy. Botulinum toxin A in combination with physiotherapy is recommended as first-line therapy in the management of spasticity in children. This article provides basic information about spasticity and its treatment with botulinum toxin A.

Case report

Lifetime consequences after being burnt as punishment for disobedience

MUDr.Břetislav Lipový, MUDr.Ivan Suchánek, MUDr.Nora Gregorová

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):199-200

A case report is presented of a publicly known case of abuse of a young boy. In 2008, the boy was severely scalded on the lower limbs by his mother for being disobedient. The case report illustrates how a seemingly trivial situation may result in a very serious injury with lifetime stigmatization.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in children

MUDr.Štěpán Rucki, CSc., MUDr.Beata Nogová, MUDr.Stanislav Folwarczny

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):201-203

A case of 13-year old girl with severe orthostatic intolerance is presented. After careful investigation she was diagnosed with the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Because of the severity of symptoms pharmacological treatment was initiated. With the treatment the complaints gradually subsided and subsequently the medication was terminated. In the following discussion the most important aspects of the orthostatic intolerance are summarized. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, its pathogenesis, relationship with chronic fatigue syndrome and treatment are treated more in details.

Treatment of pain in a patient suffering from metachromatic leukodystrophy

MUDr.Jarmila Pavlíková, MUDr.Ludmila Bártlová

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):204-206

Metachromatic leukodystrophy is a rare disease caused by an inherited disorder of myelin metabolism. Motor decline preceding cognitive and behavioral symptoms is typical for a late-infantile form of disease. A three-year old girl diagnosed with metachromatic leukodystrophy was suffering from painful paresis of her limbs. A sufficient pain relief was obtained using transdermal buprenorphine and clonazepam.

For nurses

The communication of paediatric nurses with children with hearing disabilities

PhDr.Lucie Sikorová, Ph.D., Mgr.Monika Czudková

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):210-212

The paper deals with the peculiarities of communication of pediatric nurses – specialists with children with hearing impairments and with their readiness to accept and to hospitalize children with sensory impairments on the pediatric ward. Presented are the results of the survey conducted in selected hospitals of the Moravia-Silesian region. From the results of inquiry ensues insufficient knowledge of pediatric nurses in the area of communication with persons with hearing impairment and minimal knowledge of sign language.

Clinicoradiological diagnosis

Subtotal laparoscopic resection of asymptomatic splenic cysts, review of the literature

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Tomáš Malý, Ph.D., MUDr.Vlastislava Tichá, CSc., MUDr.Zbyněk Novák, MUC.Věra Pásková, MUC.Jana Novosadová, MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):207-209

Presented here is a case report of laparoscopic partial resection of a asymptomatic splenic cysts in a 17-year-old adolescent with history of previous abdominal trauma at the age of three year.

Information

Gut microbiota between 6 and 24 months of age

MUDr.Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(3):214-216

After weaning the differences in mikrobiota between breastfed and formula-fed infants dissappear. At 2 years the microbiota resembles that of adults.