Slovo úvodem

Milan Lasica

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):375  

New diagnostic tools in mental retardation

MUDr.Andrea Hladíková, Ph.D., MUDr.Dagmar Grečmalová, Mgr.Dita Černá, MUDr.Eva Šilhánová

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):380-384  

Mental retardation in children and adults is a serious medical and social problem. There are many causes of mental retardation, but specific reason is found in only 25 % of cases. Recent progress in cytogenetic methods explained etiology of 10 % before unexplained mental retardation due to detection of subtelomeric rearrangements, not visible by conventional cytogenetic analysis. The authors refer about this modern diagnostic tools and present a case report of 4-years-old boy, who was investigated since infancy because of clinical symptoms of severe mental retardation. Only at the age of 4 years, when multiprobe FISH method was introduced to...

The most common upper respiratory tract infections in children

MUDr.Katra Rami

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):385-388  

Upper respiratory tract infections are very common in childhood with some, such as otitis media, having a significant prevalence; it is reported that up to 84 % of individuals under three years of age experience at least one episode of middle ear inflammation. Other conditions, such as acute epiglottitis, are very rare but extremely dangerous and require transport to a specialized centre where emergency airway management is available. The majority of catarrhs of the upper respiratory tract are infections that require basic diagnostic knowledge and strategies.

Therapeutic hypothermia for neonates with hypoxis-ischemic

MUDr.Jan Hálek, MUDr.Lubomír Dubrava, MUDr.Lumír Kantor

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):390-393  

Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in term infants is still associated with significant mortality and long-term disabilities. There were no therapies other than supportive measures for perinatal asphyxia. Therapeutic hypothermia is associated with reduction in neurological impairment in newborns with HIE. A summary of evidence for hypothermia and HIE is presented in this report.

Overall given isotretinoin in the treatment of acne

MUDr.Alena Machovcová, MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):394-397  

The article discusses the total administered isotretinoin in the treatment of acne, off-label indications, optimal dosing, monitoring of side effects. The article is supplemented by two case reports.

Use of bacterial lysates in clinical practice

doc.MUDr.Jaromír Bystroň, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):398-404  

The author presents an overview of the past and present of the clinical use of bacterial lysates. The latest knowledge on the mechanisms of action of these agents is provided and also discussed are the indications and the most common issues concerning the use of bacterial lysates in clinical practice.

Infant nutrition and prevention of allergic disease

MUDr.Jiří Novák

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):406-410  

Exclusive breastfeeding with no nutritional supplements is recommended for the first four, or even four to six months of life. This should be followed by introducing a relatively varied non-milk diet in the period of an “immunological window” appropriate for inducing immune tolerance. Delaying the intake of both non-milk and milk allergens increases the risk of sensitization to these as well as other allergens.

Long-term morbidity in patients operated for esophageal atresia

MUDr.Jana Kalousová, MUDr.Jitka Stýblová, MUDr.Petra Kuklová, MUDr.Blanka Rousková

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):411-413  

Between 20 and 40 infants with esophageal atresia are born in Czech Republic annually. During 17 years 209 infants with this diagnosis were operated on in authors’ department. Mortality is relatively low (10 %) but chronic morbidity remains high especially in infants with long-gap atresia. There are problems that persist lifelong in some patients. They include swallowing problems, failure to thrive, anastomotic strictures, gastroesophageal reflux, respiratory problems, symptoms of tracheomalacie and psychosocial problems. Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the most common delayed problems after operation of esophageal atresia are summarized.

Common streptococcal infections - myths and mistakes

MUDr.Jan Pavelka, MUDr.Pavel Horník, MUDr.Peter Mikolášek, MUDr.Lukáš Homola, MUDr.Lenka Krbková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):414-415  

The review answers basic questions related to common streptococcal infections. Asymptomatic streptococcal carriers do not need to be identified or treated. It is neither necessary nor advisable to perform control throat cultures of patients after a treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. Pharyngeal swabs of family contacts of a patient suffering from streptococcal infection should not be generally cultured. Testing ASO titers is not needed unless acute rheumatic fever is suspected. Aminopenicillins and 2nd generation Cephalosporins are not advisable for the treatment of tonsillitis.

Atypical manifestation of severe combined immunodeficiency

MUDr.Petr Smíšek, MUDr.Aleš Janda, MSc., Ph.D., MUDr.Ester Mejstříková, Ph.D., MUDr.Petra Keslová, MUDr.Martina Suková, prof.MUDr.Petr Sedláček, CSc., prof.MUDr.Jan Starý, DrSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):416-418  

We report on two girls with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in whom the disease manifested with severe skin affliction and less frequent symptoms – thrombocytopenia and leucocytosis.

Flue gas poisoning

MUDr.Petr Vojtíšek

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):419-421  

The author presents an interesting case of flue gas poisoning with predominance CO2. This case is interesting because of primary health care and emergency servis, as well as its progression. Much attention is currently focused at a „pure“ CO poisoning. In the clinical practice there is still more often poisoning with various ratios CO/CO2. Prehospital diagnostics consists of measuring etCO2 percentage of carbonyl hemoglobin. Therapy is based on symptomatic intensive care. There is a worse course of poisoning in children.

Nonoperative management of reccurent intussusception

MUDr.Lucie Kavalcová, MUDr.Marcela Pýchová, MUDr.Karel Pýcha, MUDr.Lenka Mrázková

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):422-424  

Intussusception is one of the most common abdominal emergencies in infants and young children. The primary treatment for ileocolic intussusception is image-guided hydrostatic or pneumatic reduction with 90 % of success. The reccurrence rate following successful enema reduction is 10 %. The majority of recurrent intussusceptions are idiopatic and patologic lead points are found in only 8 %. Initial management of recurrent intussusception should be nonoperative.

Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in children

MUDr.Jana Valíčková, MUDr.Hana Bučková, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Zdeněk Doležel, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):425-426  

Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, balanitis xerotica obliterans in boys, is a chronic skin disease with genital predilection. The clinical symptoms are not specific and making correct diagnosis usually takes several months. Invasive examinations without exact diagnose are common. The correct diagnostic and treatment prevent permanent genital atrophy. The recurrences are frequent and long term follow up is necessary.

Nursing diagnosis of fear in children

Mgr.Lenka Mazalová, doc.PhDr.Jana Marečková, Ph.D., Mgr.Zdeňka Mikšová, Ph.D., Mgr.Jana Kameníčková

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):434-436  

In childhood, illness and stay in hospital are often associated with fear. In this respect, it is necessary for a paediatric nurse to be able to correctly assess and evaluate child’s situation. An important prerequisite for a qualified nursing assessment and diagnosis is to make use of the standard nursing terminology international classification of nursing diagnoses NANDA-International (NANDA-Int.). To diagnose nursing problems such as fear, NANDA–Int. currently includes the diagnosis Fear – 00148. An elaborate diagnostic tool – an algorithm developed by Marečková, which implements the expressions of particular nursing...

Spontaneous regression of liver infantile hemangioma

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):431-432  

Hepatic tumors on children account for only 1 to 5% of all pediatric tumors. Hepatic hemangioma is the most common benign tumor of the liver in childhood. We report case of a postnatal diagnosis of a hepatic hemangioma detected on a first ultrasound. No skin lesions, namely hemangiomas or petechiae were identified. Infantile liver hemangioma was managed expectantly, using serial ultrasound to visualize the anticipated spontaneous regression.

Vulvovaginitis in children´s age

MUDr.Miroslav Havlín

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):437-438  

Vulvovaginitis is the most common gynaecological disease in childhood. This article discusses its etiology, the risk factors of development, diagnostics and treatment with a special accent to the urogynecological problems.

Podzimní setkání na Hukvaldech

doc. MUDr. Michal Hladík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):439  

Prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc. - šedesátiletý

doc. MUDr. Dagmar Pospíšilová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):440  

TINU syndrom

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr. Katarína Pramuková, MUDr. Dana Dostálková, MUDr. Jiří Štarha, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):433  

Initial experience with Nutrilon Anti-Colics

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):428-430  

Infantile colics are defined by restlessness, irritability and excessive and inconsolable crying. They occur in otherwise healthy and thriving children. Episodes last for three and more hours per day and are present for at least three days per week at least one week in total (1). The onset can be expected as early as two weeks of life of the child, with spontaneous resolution occurring between four and five months of life (2, 3, 4). The reported incidence ranges from 10 % to 40 % of infants (5). In the present case reports, colics were accompanied by flatulence and sometimes difficulty in passing stools, but no obvious pathology was seen...

Autodidaktický test 6/2011

Pediatr. praxi. 2011;12(6):441-442