Význam sociální komunikace s dítětem ve zdravotnické praxi

d oc. PaedDr. et Mgr. Eva Zacharová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):79  

The most common drug allergy in children

MUDr. Martin Liška, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):86-90 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.014  

Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) affect significant portion of pediatric population. The most common immunopathogenetic mechanisms are specific IgE mediated reactions or specific T cells mediated reactions. Part of adverse drug reactions has no immunological basis. The most frequent drugs causing DHR are antibiotics, especially beta-lactams, further drugs causing perioperative allergic reactions, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and less frequently chemotherapeutics, contrast media or vaccines. The basis of DHR diagnosis is carefully obtained history followed by skin testing, eventually drug provocation test. Optimal result of diagnostic...

Synechia vulvae infantum

MUDr. Hana Kosová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):91-93 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.015  

Synechia vulvae is the most common problem of young children. We can find it in so called rest period, in the time of low levels of women´s sexual hormons in blood. If parents don´t take care well about external genitalias, dirt and smegma glue together opposite epithelium of vestibuli vaginae and synechia can occure. This illnes doesn´t make any problem to affected child, we can find it accidentally during check-up. Problems together with this illness can sometimes occure like enueresis, often urinary tract inflammation or often vulvovaginitis. Opening of vestibuli vaginae we can make in stage of conglutinatio or in stage of thin junction. Thick...

Malnutrition in obese children

MUDr. Zlatko Marinov, Ing. Hana Střítecká, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):94-99 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.016  

Currently, there is a pandemic of common obesity. In the last 25 years, there has been a tremendous increase in overweight, and common obesity has become the most serious health problem of mankind today. In the surgeries of general paediatricians for children and adolescents, common paediatric obesity is the second largest group of chronic diseases with long-term metabolic changes, second only to allergic conditions. In the Czech Republic, approximately 10 % of children aged up to 16 years old have obesity, including 2/3 children with complex metabolic changes and 1/4 with extreme obesity. Cardiometabolic sequelae are triggered and preserved by...

Dravet syndrome in paediatric practice

MUDr. Štefánia Aulická, Ph.D., MUDr. Ondřej Horák, MUDr. Katarína Brunová, doc. RNDr. Lenka Fajkusová, CSc., Mgr. Jana Pavloušková, doc. MUDr. Hana Ošlejšková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):100-102 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.017  

Dravet syndrome is classified as a rare progressive genetically determined epilepsy. The onset of epilepsy is typically during the first year of life in normal developed children and it´s characterized by frequently prolonged unilateral or generalized clonic seizures, often associated with fever. Differential diagnosis between classical febrile seizures and initial phase of Dravet syndrome is fundamental. In the next period, other types of seizures can occur (atypical absences, myoclonic seizures, partial complex seizures) accompanied by significant deterioration of psychomotor development. Genetic examination is essential for confirmation of the diagnosis....

The management in treatment of the intra-articular injuries knee joint in children and adolescents

doc. MUDr. Vojtěch Havlas, Ph.D., MUDr. Jakub Kautzner, Ph.D., MUDr. Theodoros Philippou, MUDr. Michal Stark

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):104-109 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.018  

There is an increased incidence of intra-articular injuries in children and adolescence. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to ensure adequate clinical management to avoid permanent damage. The physical examination remains the backbone to obtain appropriate diagnosis, on the other hand additional imaging is an essential part of examination in order to determine specifically what type of treatment is required. Children have a unique healing ability in comparison with adults, therefore specifically indicated treatment line can lead to optimal results. Treatment of the intra-articular injuries in children should take place in specialized centers...

Glucan in the present medicine

prof. RNDr. Václav Větvička, Ph.D., MUDr. Josef Richter, CSc., MUDr. Vladimír Svozil

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):110-113 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.019  

Glucan is a natural immunomodulator intensivelly studied the past twenty years. Besides the known effects in infectious and tumor immunity, the interest of researchers in the recent years focused on its other potential effects. The aim of this short review is to provide basic information about glucan. The list is completed with results of our own clinical examination, demonstrating a significant stimulatory effects of short time glucan supplementation in the group of children with diseases of the respiratory tract.

Children with delayed speech development – wait until they reach the age of three or start a therapy in their early age?

PhDr. Ilona Bytešníková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):114-116 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.020  

The aim of this review study is to inform general practitioners for children and adolescents about the importance of early diagnostics of children with delayed speech and language competence development. It specifies two groups of children who are at risk as regards speech and language competence development – children with an identified risk and children with a potential risk. The contribution points out the benefits of early diagnostics and possible intervention with an emphasis on therapeutic strategies based on the sociopragmatic development theory.

Meningococcal meningitis in neonate complicated with subdural effusions – case report

MUDr. Eva Klásková, Ph.D., MUDr. Vratislav Smolka, MUDr. Oksana Tkachyk, MUDr. Ludmila Zatloukalová, MUDr. Kamila Michálková, MUDr. Pavel Hronek, MUDr. Sabina Kaprálová, MUDr. David Krahulík

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):127-130 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.080  

Meningococcal meningitis represents a very rare infection in the newborn period. While the mortality rate has significantly declined recently, the risk for neurologic sequelae and lifelong impairment as a result of infectious insult to the neonatal developing brain has not been significantly reduced yet. A case of neonatal meningococcal meningitis caused by serogroup B of Neisseria meningitis complicated with subdural effusions but with a favourable neurologic outcome has been described. The same serogroup B of Neisseria meningitis was proved in upper respiratory tract of patient’s mother. Epidemiology, initial clinical features, management,...

Delayed puberty and gynaecomastia as manifestations of Klinefelter syndrome

MUDr. Ondřej Veselý

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):131-134 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.081  

A case is presented of a 14-year-old boy referred for evaluation of gynaecomastia and delayed puberty. In addition to mild gynaecomastia, there was a clinical finding of discrepancy between small, firm testicles on one hand, and developing pubic hair on the other hand. The laboratory presentation of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with a disproportionate elevation of FSH over LH reinforced the suspicion of Klinefelter syndrome that was subsequently confirmed by karyotype testing. Testosterone replacement therapy was commenced that favourably resulted in a gradual development of secondary sex characteristics. This treatment, however, does not address...

Exploration of mothers attitude for breast-feeding

PhDr. Iveta Ondriová, PhD., PhDr. Terézia Fertaľová, PhD., PhDr. Lívia Hadašová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):139-142 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.025  

The natural nutrition by human milk has been an irreplaceable way of food of newborns and infants. The breast-feeding has provided the best natural nutrition and also a wide complex of factors. It also provides the best adaptability for life and the prevention of diseases in child‘s age but also in maturity. The main aim was to put emphasis to the advantages of breast-feeding from different point of views.

Mesenteric lymphadenitis in children – most common causes

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):135-138 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.024  

The radiological definition for mesenteric lymphadenitis is a cluster of three or more lymph nodes with short-axis diameter of ≥ 5 mm in the right lower quadrant without an inflammatory process. Because the nodes are usually in the right lower quadrant, secondary mesenteric lymphadenitis sometimes mimics apendicitis, inflammatory bowel diseases, intussusception or lymphoma. Primary mesenteric adenitis is an important alternative diagnosis as it is self-limiting, managed conservatively, and diagnosis helps to facilitate patient discharge.

Photoprotective products for children

MUDr. Naděžda Vojáčková

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):117-120  

Photoprotection in children is of major importance. Emphasis is placed on physical photoprotection that includes clothing, hats, sunglasses, and shade. Photoprotection using creams with UV filters is intended for children over six months of age. Products with a broad spectrum of protection are recommended, which are water-resistant, with an SPF factor 50+, with a predominance of physical filters, photostable, dispersible, and cosmetically acceptable with a low irritation potential.

Necrobiosis lipoidica

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel CSc., MUDr. Tereza Pinkasová, MUDr. Jakub Pecl

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):125 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.023  

When a parent can/cannot refuse treatment for their child

JUDr. Jana Konečná

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(2):122-124  

The notion of a child or minor in everyday life induces a state of a person who is not sufficiently physically and mentally mature, and enjoys the protection of persons who have sufficient physical and intellectual development. Under the law, it is considered that any minor who has not acquired full legal capacity is eligible to legal acts in nature adequate mental and moral maturity minors his age. The question is whether children are able to, and may in certain situations to decide at its own discretion and whether they are able to distinguish and assess the content and the seriousness of his decision?