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MUDr. Jan Hálek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):79

Cervical lymphadenitis in children

MUDr. Petr Škopek, MUDr. Tomáš Kostlivý, Ph.D., MUDr. Michal Riant, MUDr. Pavel Klail, MUDr. Petr Hrabačka, doc. MUDr. David Slouka, Ph.D., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):82-86 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.016

Lymphadenopathy is the general name for pathological changes in the size and consistency of a lymph node. Lymph node involvement caused by an inflammatory process is termed lymphadenitis. The etiology of lymphadenitis is most often bacterial or viral. The route of infection may be by lymphogenous spread, direct microbial involvement of the lymph node, or reactive changes. Typical manifestations of the disease include lymph node enlargement, palpation tenderness, swelling, sometimes erythema of the surrounding skin or purulent secretion. Initial diagnosis involves clinical consideration based on history and physical examination. When necessary, laboratory...

Nutrition of children with chronic kidney disease

doc. MUDr. Jakub Zieg, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):87-91 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.017

Nutrition plays an important role in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD). One of the main nutritional goals in children is to achieve normal growth and develop­ment. Adequate nutrition is crucial for proper management of CKD complications, especially metabolic bone disease. A healthy, fresh, and varied diet should form the basis of the meal plan, patients should significantly limit their intake of processed foods. This review is based on recently published international guidelines and summarizes the current approach to nutrition of children with CKD.

Nummular eczema in pedatric pratice

MUDr. Nina Benáková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):92-96 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.018

Nummular eczema is quite frequent in paediatric practice. Diagnostics and differential diagnostics can be challenging. Differential diagnosis is presented in a tabular overview. Right chosen and properly done treatment as well as appropriate and regular skin care are prerequisites for treatment success. Emollients are the basic drugs for restoring and maintaining skin barrier function. Topical corticosteroids of moderate strenght with good therapeutic index are the main anti-inflammatory drugs. The way, how these topicals are used, is for the result of therapy as important as the correct choice of drug, therefore the strategies and regimens of their...

Asthma in children - diagnostics, pharmacotherapy and inhalation technique

MUDr. Viktor Kašák

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):98-103 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.019

The incidence of asthma in childhood has been steadily increasing in recent decades in economically developed countries, including the Czech Republic. Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease of childhood. If the diagnosis is made early and effective pharmacotherapy based on inhaled corticosteroids is initiated on time, regardless of age or asthma phenotypes, full asthma control is achieved in most cases. The inhalation route is preferred in the administration of antiasthmatic, which is effective, safe, but demanding in terms of choosing the right inhalation system, training the correct inhalation technique and monitoring the correct inhalation...

Melanoma in children and adolescents

doc. MUDr. Jarmila Čelakovská, Ph.D., MUDr. Veronika Wertzová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):104-110 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.020

Melanoma in children is relatively rare, making it difficult to determine prognostic factors, biological behavior, and efficacy of therapy in the pediatric population. The article presents the results of studies and a review of the literature regarding the incidence of melanoma in patients younger than 21 years. The characteristic features of melanoma in children, risk factors, histological and immunohistochemical features, and treatment options are discussed. Studies suggest that careful analysis of histologi­cal and immunohistochemical features should allow for the correct diagnosis in most cases of melanoma in children. Although patients with melanoma...

Possibilities of telemedicine in pediatrics

Mgr. Michal Štýbnar, Mgr. Zdislav Doleček, MUDr. Jan Hálek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):111-118 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.021

Telemedicine is no longer considered a revolutionary approach to delivering healthcare; rather, it has increasingly integrated into various medical fields, including pediatrics, in recent years. Rapid technological advancements and the growing demand for efficient and accessible healthcare have driven the expansion of telemedicine solutions, enabling physicians and patients to communicate and collaborate remotely. In pediatrics, telemedicine not only introduces new possibilities for diagnosis and monitoring but also facilitates access to specialized care, which is particularly important in remote regions or for centralized specialized facilities. This...

A complicated way to an unexpected diagnosis

MUDr. Markéta Ručková, MUDr. Petra Matalová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):122-125 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.023

A 4-year-old boy with a previously unremarkable medical history was admitted for cervical lymphadenopathy and fever. From the 3^rd day of hospitalization a small-papu­lous exanthema and abdominal pain for which laparoscopic revision was necessary, phlegmonous appendicitis was found, and appendectomy was performed. Antibiotic treatment was repeatedly changed for suspected toxoallergic exanthema. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, inflammatory markers, transaminases continued to rise, lymphadenopathy did not significantly regress, exanthema, febrile persisted, conjunctivitis, chapped lips, arthralgia appeared. Differential diagnostic consideration...

Late presentation of right sided diaphragmatic hernia

MUDr. Michaela Chino, MUDr. Hana Záhorová, MUDr. Tomáš Polanský

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):126-129 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.024

A case report of a premature newborn with an acute sudden shortness of breath, hypoxia and abnormal breath sounds over a right lung is presented. On a first X-ray image of a pneumonia was rather considered even though the X-ray image was not completely typical. The next day a review X-ray has showed a sign of a Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Bochdalek hernia. CDH is a rare defect of a diaphragm with high morbidity and mortality despite the advances in medicine. There are several etiological theories mainly based on a developemental disruption of a diaphragm, but also a lung. A compression of a lung is caused by herniation of abdominal viscera...

Pitfalls in the treatment of anorexia nervosa in an adolescent patient in the outpatient clinic and in the acute ward of child psychiatry

MUDr. Monika Svatošová

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):130-133 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.025

In recent times, we have seen an increase in the need for child psychiatric care, which is in short supply and therefore much of the care for child psychiatric patients falls to paediatricians and GPs. Nowadays, patients with eating disorder form a significant number of child psychiatric patients and their treatment and care is usually long-term, difficult and often relapsing. The task of this case report is to clarify the care of eating disorder in the child psychiatric outpatient clinic and in the psychiatric ward for children.

Quality of life of adolescents with short bowel syndrome on parenteral nutrition with a broviac catheter

Mgr. Lenka Urbášková, Mgr. Daniela Bartoníčková, Mgr. Jana Chromá, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):138-142 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.027

The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of life of adolescents (aged 13-18) with a Broviac catheter, used for parenteral nutrition in the context of short bowel syndrome. The research was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic through online semi-structured interviews with seven participants. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis and categorized into five domains: physical area, psychological area, interpersonal relationships, daily life, and environment. The results revealed a negative impact of the Broviac catheter and parenteral nutrition on quality of life, particularly in the areas of mobility, education, social...

Clinical, imaging and histological characteristics of cervical lateral cysts in children

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Brožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):134-137 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.026

Lateral neck masses often present a diagnostic challenge in pediatric practice. The aim of our presentation is to highlight the clinical, imaging, and histological characteristics of the most common causes of neck swelling in childhood, with the goal of enabling a comparative evaluation of their entities and facilitating the most accurate possible preoperative diagnosis. The authors present the diagnostic work-up of a 16-year-old boy with a one-month history of swelling on the left side of the neck in the submandibular region, measuring 4 × 3 cm. Based on palpation findings, the location on the left side of the neck in the submandibular area, and supported...

Nasal hygiene in the youngest children

MUDr. Michaela Máchalová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(2):119-120 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.022

Care of the nasal mucosa in infants, toddlers, and preschool children is an integral part of treatment both during acute inflammation and in full health. In local therapy, we use decongestant preparations as well as saline solutions.