Pediatr. praxi 2018; 19(3): 177-181

Prebiotics and postbiotics in the 21st century

doc. MUDr. Milan Kuchta, CSc.¹, MUDr. Zlatica Ďurošková²

¹ Klinika detí a dorastu LF UPJŠ a DFN, Košice

² Detské oddelenie Nemocnice Prostějov

They have developed different types of synbiosis between different microorganisms during phyloge- netic development. Thehighest type of synbiosis is the mutual type, which was the basis for the development of specialized human systems, GALT andMALT. This useful microflora consists mainly of probiotics that create spe- cific habits and which are the most important in digestivetract. The human fetus was originally thought to be sterile, but the scientific results, in the last decade, indicate that pregnancyis a period when the first phase of contact with bacteria occurs. The emergence of a newborn microflora is considered to be acritical stage determining the natu- ral metabolic and immunological development of the gastrointestinal tract and resultingshort- and long-term effects on the individual‘s state of health. Interaction of the microbe with the macro organism is very intenseand important for humans and not only in the immunological, but also in the metabolic or psychological area.This paper includes the definitions of probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics, which are newly defined by a group of active substances,which are created by the metabolic activity of probiotics on prebiotics. These postbiot- ic substances play an important role ininfluencing other microflora, have antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and an- tioxidant properties. We describe the importance ofbreast milk and oligosaccharides in the formation of intestinal micro biome and its potential influence on diet and other factors,which may be important for the health of the child, but also in his/her next life. We reviewed the effects of oligosacharides andpostbiotics on the basis of EBM and experimental works, the results of which can be used in clinical practice.Modulation of the digestive tract ecosystem with the use of probiotic micro-organisms, prebiotics and bioactive substances couldeffectively prevent the prevention and therapy of many disease processes.

Keywords: probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, microbiom, children, nutrition

Published: July 1, 2018  Show citation