Smích a dobrá nálada jsou prvním krůčkem k uzdravení

Daniela Melíšková

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):275  

CHILDHOOD ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA AND SCHIZOPHRENIA IN ADOLESCENTS

doc. MUDr. Eva Malá CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):282-284  

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Generalized cognitive deficits increas risk of developing schizophrenia at high risk children. In the article there are considered the important symptoms of childhood onset schizophrenia and schizophrenia in adolescents (prenatal complications, prodromal symptoms, cognitive impairment, suicidal behavior, prognosis, familial impact of schizophrenia). The approved for children pharmacotherapy is generally considered not to be sufficient.

ACUTE AND CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel CSc, MUDr. Jiří Štarha Ph.D, MUDr. Dana Dostálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):285-287  

Acute or chronic renal failure (ARF/CRF) are a sudden innability of the kidney to maintain normal body chemistry and fluid balance. Especially ARF leads potentially to death. A diagnosis of ARF/CRF is usually simple, but requires laboratory confirmation and must be prompt. The treatment of ARF/CRF is conservative or renal replacement therapy. For children with ARF/CRF is usually necessary multidisciplinary team to share in the child’s care. Children with ARF require early transfer to a specialized center. Children with CRF should be treated in specialized children’s units, where facilities can be concentrated and expertise developed.

UTILIZATION OF PROBIOTICS IN THE PEDIATRIC PRACTICE

MUDr. Petr Tláskal CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):288-292  

The author summarizes questions concerning probiotics in the view of present knowledge of their effectivity and efficiency in the pediatric practice. Particularly he presents their utilization in the treatment of gastroenterological diseases and prevention of progress of some other disorders.

ANABOLIC STEROIDS AND YOUNG

MUDr. Pavol Šimurka

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):294-297  

The misuse of supporting substances with the aim to enhance athletic performance is known for a long time. Anabolic steroids count among these substances. Pediatricians must be familiar with current information on anabolic steroids to be able early to recognise effects of these substances forbidden in sport.

SPECIFICS OF SKIN CARE IN CHILDHOOD

MUDr. Kateřina Macháčková

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):298-300  

The article calls attention to therapeutic strategies that used to be frequent but nowadays seem to be very risky. The article presents a review of dermatological external medications that can after a systemic absorption lead to serious or lethal intoxication of organism and presents their safe alternatives.

SUICIDALITY IN ADOLESCENTS - RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTION

MUDr. Jiří Koutek

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):302-304  

Suicidal behavior in adolescents is a multifactor process induced not only by a certain motive but also by contribution of risk factors. Risk factors can be found in the family history in the hereditary area and psychological area. The psychological and somatic health state is very important. A number of mental health disorders are associated with suicidal behavior. In adolescence a stress associated with a school failure, peer conflicts, partnership and sexual problems play an important role. Prevention should target and support protective factors and treatment of mental health disorders. Evaluation of suicidal risk is indispensable.

MINOR ANOMALIES ARE CLUES TOWARD THE RECOGNITION OF GENETIC SYNDROMES

prof. MUDr. Eva Seemanová DrSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):305-308  

Minor anomalies of phenotype are clue to more serious problems and toward the recognition of genetic syndromes. These unusual morphologic features represent no serious medical consequence, they are detectable by somatoscopic examination and are indicators of altered morphogenesis and valuable features in diagnosis of specific pattern of disorders. Occurrence of single minor anomalies in population is common (around 10–15 %) and therefore is necessary to look in other family members. Single anomalies show no increased frequency of major malformations, but in about 1 % children are found 2 and more minor anomalies and the frequency...

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF THE COUGH CHILDREN

MUDr. Petr Koťátko, MUDr. Martin Magner

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):309-314  

Cough influences the quality of life in children and their parents considerably. It is the most frequent reason of medical consultation in children. An acute cough is ussualy an issue in the general practitioner´s praxis, the chronic cough after the basal examining should be evaluated in detail by children-lung specialist. The causality range of acute and chronic cough is broad. Chronic cough may be determined as a specific cough (with known etiology) and non-specific (dry cough without known etiology). The chronic cough in children is defined as a cough > 4 weeks duration based on the current data of cough related to acupe upper respiratory infects...

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ROTAVIRAL INFECTION, POSSIBILITIES OF THE VACCINATION

doc. MUDr. Petr Pazdiora CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):315-318  

Rotaviruses cause annually 111–125 million of illnesses leading to 0.5–1 million of deaths worldwide. As many as 3,028 sporadic cases and 458 cases from 18 outbreaks were reported to the Public Health Service in 2007 in the Czech Republic. No case was lethal. In 2007 4,571 rotavirus infection were laboratory confirmed in 83 laboratories of the Czech Republic. Specific morbidity among children under 3 years calculated on the laboratory data was 717.9 cases/100,000 population/year; among children under 5 years it was 594.1/100,000. With registration of 2 new vaccines (Rotarix, RotaTeq) it is realistic to gradually fulfil extended WHO immunisation...

GROWTH DISORDERS IN PEDIATRIC PRIMARY CARE

MUDr. Olga Magnová

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):320-326  

The diagnosis of growth disorder in a child leads to discovering the etiology of growth disorder of both endocrine and non endocrine origin and thus enables the appropriate therapy that improves not only the overall health status but improves also the growth itself. The paper dis­cusses the potential in diagnosis of a growth disorder in pediatric primary care and basic necessary examination of a growth disorder. In the second part of the article indications for treatment with growth hormone in the Czech Republic and the role of primary care pediatricians in this narrow specialized endocrine treatment are discussed.

Use of immunostimulating drugs in children with frequent respiratory tract infections

prof. MUDr. Jiří Litzman CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):328-330  

Immunomodulators of bacterial origin are the most frequently used immunostimulating drugs in a practice of general pediatrics. These drugs are used mainly in children with frequent respiratory tract infections in order to decrease the frequency or severity of these infections. The treatment usually does not induce adverse reactions, but it should not be overused mainly if no positive effect of the treatment is seen, or if there is a clinical or laboratory suspicion of autoimmune disease. There is also a risk a of a delay of necessary immunological investigation in children with severe primary or secondary immunodeficiencies.

Periodická horečka u batolete

MUDr. Jan Ondruš

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):331-333  

ZAJÍMAVÉ KAZUISTIKY PACIENTŮ S AKNÉ

MUDr. Zuzana Nevoralová

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):334-337  

Posouzení funkce ledviny po střelném poranění a záchovné operaci pomocí statické scintigrafie s 99mTc-DMSA

MUDr. Jiří Doležal Ph.D

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):338-339  

BILIÁRNÍ ZVRACENÍ JAKO PROJEV NONROTACE S DUODENÁLNÍ OBSTRUKCÍ

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál CSc, MUDr. Kamila Michálková, MUDr. Tomáš Malý Ph.D, MUDr. Jaroslav Wiedermann CSc, doc. MUDr. Dagmar Pospíšilová Ph.D, MUDr. Josef Chudáček, MUDr. Miroslav Musílek

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):344-346  

Urgentní stavy v pediatrické primární péči dříve a nyní

doc. MUDr. Ivan Novák CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(5):340-342