Prevence špatného zacházení s dítětem v ordinaci praktického lékaře

Eva Vaníčková

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):63  

Tick-borne encephalitis in childhood

MUDr. Věra Štruncová, doc. MUDr. Dalibor Sedláček CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):70-71  

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most frequent infection of central nervous system in the Czech Republic due to low level vaccinated people (16%). The occurrence of TBE is limited on endemic areas. It has a seasonal feature (from April to November). Annually in the Czech republic there are reported 400–1 039 cases with the incidence 5,9/105 inhabitants. It is the disease of „free time“, occupational cases are rare. The disease, is affecting especially adults, men suffer from TBE more frequently (63 %). The children and teenagers participate in till 16 %. Diagnosis is based on detection of the antibodies against virus in serum...

Red flags of secondary headache - importance and limitation in children

MUDr. Miroslava Muchová

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):72-75  

When mentioning headaches we traditionally also describe their red flags. These should make think about a secondary etiology. Some of red flags may be misguiding in children by their present or absence. There are mentioned and discussed red flags modified for childhood.

Macrolide antibiotics in paediatric practice

prof. MUDr. Jiří Havlík DrSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):76-79  

Natural macrolide antibiotics are gradually replaced by semisynthetic preparations with superior properties. While having comparable antimicrobial action, the latter require lower single doses and longer dosage intervals, are better tolerated by the paediatric population, and induce adverse effects less frequently. Inappropriate selection of antibiotics, incorrect dosage, and improper indications, however, increase the risk of increasing resistance in common bacterial pathogens. Macrolides are excellent drugs for ambulatory practice. For them to remain effective, treatment needs to be initiated for properly indicated infections, correct dosage...

Obesity - associated hypertension in childhood

doc. MUDr. Zuzana Urbanová CSc, prof. MUDr. Milan Šamánek DrSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):80-81  

The increasing prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents is strongly associated with increasing prevalence of obesity. The pathogenetic consequences are still unclear and very complicated. Obesity could be potential cause of hypertension, on the other hand family history of essential hypertension could be predictor of later onset of hypertension in non-obese children. The most obese individuals are hypertonic and mostly all hypertonic individuals have increased BMI or accumulation of visceral fat. So there is not yet sufficient evidence about consequences of these two diseases. The aim of this article was to summarise the recent discoveries...

Can allergies be prevented?

MUDr. Martin Fuchs

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):82-86  

Allergy prevention has been the subject of numerous studies worldwide. Despite their high standard, these studies lack consistent methodology, uniform criteria, and consistent selection of subjects; thus, it will come as no surprise that European studies yield completely opposite results to those yielded by seemingly similar studies in Australia or USA. Primary prevention which is dealt with in this paper should decrease the risk of sensitization (allergization) to environmental allergens.

Identification of thyreopathy in pediatric primary health care

MUDr. Božena Kalvachová CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):88-90  

Thyroid axis disorders raise up in all age groups all over the world. Therefore pediatricians also think more frequently about this diagnose. In order to achieve more rational and sophisticated mutual collaboration between practitioners and endocrinologists I recommend algorhythms for the identification and solution of incipient thyreopathy in the first contact health care. Besides of economic benefits (avoiding useles travelling, blood sampling, insurance expenses etc.) such an orientation would enhance the prestige of practitioners in front of patients and their parents.

The basic principles of parenteral rehydration therapy in pediatrics

MUDr. Jiří Havránek, MUDr. Vítězslav Dedek CSc, MUDr. Martin Fajt, MUDr. Martin Sádlo, MUDr. Pavel Heinige, MUDr. Kornel Brosch

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):92-97  

This article is dedicated to broad issue of parenteral rehydratation in children.

Infectious conjunctivititis

MUDr. Pavel Němec

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):100-104  

Infectious conjunctivitis is one of the three leading causes of red eye (besides of allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome). Therefore patients with these disorders are frequently seen by general practitioners and pediatricians in their every day practice. Most cases of infectious conjunctivitis are self-limiting but some of them may progress and may cause severe ocular complications or they may be associated with involvement of other organs. The aim of this article is to present, in a concise form, the most important information on how to establish the proper diagnosis, how to choose appropriate therapy and help to make dicisions about which...

Painful spasms of nape, neck, and back muscles as a symptom of drug intoxication

MUDr. Josef Grym

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):105-106  

The author describes a case of a 17-year-old boy who, during regression of a viral infection manifested by gastroenteritis, presented with repeated, intermittent, painful spasms or even tonic convulsions that he alleviated by forcefully moving his head into anteflexion. Following admission, the spasms progressed to involve facial, lingual, and pharyngeal muscles without significantly altering the general condition. A neurological examination revealed dyskinesias and positive extrapyramidal signs. After having clarified the patient‘s history, the uncommon complaints and symptoms were interpreted as an adverse effect of overdose with thiethylperazine...

What may be behind jaundice at preschool age

MUDr. Jiří Houda, MUDr. Vratislav Smolka, MUDr. Kamila Michálková, MUDr. Tomáš Tichý, prof. MUDr. Jiří Ehrmann CSc, MUDr. Barbora Ludíková, doc. MUDr. Dagmar Pospíšilová Ph.D, prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):108-111  

The authors present a case of a four-and-a-half-year-old boy with subacutely developing jaundice, significant hepatomegaly, acholic stools, dark urine, and pruritus. Infectious causes of jaundice had been ruled out and, since signs of obstructive hepatopathy persisted, the patient was examined using imaging techniques, which revealed a significant stenosis of the distal common bile duct. Conservative treatment resulted in clinical improvement in the patient's condition.

Masturbation in infancy and early childhood and its differential diagnosis

MUDr. Iva Příhodová, MUDr. Lydie Koumarová

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):112-113  

Masturbation in young children is relatively common being typically manifested by leg crossing, rhythmic pelvic movements, accompanying noises, and sweating. Since there is no direct manipulation of the genitalia, signs of masturbation can be mistakenly interpreted as epileptic seizures, paroxysmal dyskinesia, or abdominal pain. Correct recognition of symptoms can spare the child from undergoing complicated examination procedures and unindicated treatment (e. g., antiepileptics). The authors report two cases with typical manifestations of childhood masturbation.

Long-term experiences with home oxygenotherapy in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplásia

MUDr. Jiří Dort, MUDr. Eva Dortová

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):114-117  

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia occures in a significant proportion of premature infants in the Czech Republic as well as in other developed countries. The oxygenotherapy is part of treament. Authors describe their own experiences with the long-term home oxygenotherapy administration in a group of 32 infants (mean gestational age 26,3 wks, mean birth weight 784 G). The average duration of home oxygenotherapy was 168 days. The main advantage of home oxygenotherapy is a shorter hospital stay resulting in a better psychomotor development support, family – child bonding, nosocomial infections elimination and lower health care costs. The mobile unit...

Complicated community acguired pneumonia in children

MUDr. Zuzana Vančíková, MUDr. Daniela Židová, MUDr. Ondřej Hradský, MUDr. Jana Pleskačová

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):118-122  

We describe 3 cases of complicated pneumococcal pneumonia in children hospitalized at our clinic at the beginning of 2009. We discuss the factors, that may have led to complications, possible pitfalls of treatment and we also discuss prevention by vaccination.

The palpable abdominal mass as a multilocular cystic mesenteric lymphangioma

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál CSc, MUDr. Kamila Michálková, MUDr. Tomáš Malý Ph.D, MUDr. Marie Geierová, MUDr. Tomáš Tichý, doc. MUDr. Dagmar Pospíšilová Ph.D, MUDr. Zbyněk Novák

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):123-124  

The authors present a case report of a 3-month old infant with mesenteric multilocular lymphangioma. Two months after delivery, the patient with palpable abdominal mass and remaining feeding problems, was admitted to the hospital for objective diagnosis. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study showed a large hypersignal mass in the right mesogastrium and hypogastrium surrounded with numerous small spherical lesions. The peroperative laparotomy revealed a multilocular lymphangioma in the right side of abdomen originated from the jejunal mesenterium. Partial jejunal resection with wedge-shaped cutting of responsible mesenterium with multilocular lymphangioma...

Prone sleeping position as a risk factor for SIDS: firm-level evidence

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál CSc, Mgr. Jarmila Potomková

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):127-131  

The aim of the paper is to demonstrate a historical context of using biomedical literature for high-quality patient care, exemplified by an old enigma – sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Modern approaches of evidence based medicine, particularly critical appraisal of published studies and meta-analysis can contribute to developing sound recommendations for practice.

Hyperplázie dásní u akutní myeloidní leukémie

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):125  

Rachitida s alopecií

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel CSc, prof. David Feldman, M.D, Peter Malloy, M.D., Ph.D, MUDr. Hana Bučková PhD

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):126  

Test 2/2009

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(2):134