Česká pediatrická společnost vystřídala vedení

prof. MUDr. Jan Janda, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):3  

Herpetic infections and their manifestations in children

doc.RNDr.Vanda Boštíková, Ph.D., MUDr.Miloslav Salavec, CSc., MUDr.Jan Smetana, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Roman Chlíbek, Ph.D., Mgr.Lenka Kaislerová, MUDr.Petr Prášil, Ph.D., Mgr.Radek Sleha, prof.MUDr.Pavel Boštík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):8-12  

Eight known human herpes viruses are known to this date – herpes simplex virus 1, herpes simplex virus 2, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, HHV-6 (in two variants HHV-6A and HHV-6B), HHV-7 and HHV-8. These viruses are spread worldwide and humans represent their sole reservoir and host. Herpetic viruses cause a wide spectrum of diseases and, after primary infection, persist in the the organism for the entire life. Primary infections are acquired typically during childhood. Infections by these viruses are often asymptomatic in healthy individuals. On the other hand viral infection could be fatal for infected infants...

Acute gastroenteritis

MUDr.Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):13-14  

Acute gastroenteritis is common problem in childhood, particulary in the first 3 years of life. It is usually, although not always, a mild disease and death is an exceptional outcome. However is associated with a substantional number of hospitalisations.

Taking care of the genitals in a boy

MUDr.Jan Kříž

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):16-17  

Cryptorchidism, or undescended testicle, is detected by the attending physician during physical examination of a boy. The treatment is surgical: the testis with accompanying cord structure is mobilized and brought into the subcutaneous pouch in the scrotum. Cryptorchidism is associated with a risk of sterility and the development of testicular cancer in adulthood. It is recommended to perform the treatment, orchidopexy, by age two. Phimosis, a tight foreskin, is a normal finding by age one; afterwards, local application of a corticoid ointment is recommended for a period of six weeks; if it fails, circumcision is warranted. Preputial adhesions,...

Otolaryngologic manifestations of primary immunodeficiencies

MUDr.Karol Zeleník, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Pavel Komínek, Ph.D., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):18-20  

Upper aerodigestive tract is the most common route of entry of microorganisms into the body and the first site of interaction of microorganism and human immune system. If the immune system is working properly, protects the body from severe consequences of inflammation in the nose, ears, pharynx and larynx, and also from the penetration of infection into the deeper areas and the resulting complications. Primary immunodeficiencies very often manifest themselves in the upper aerodigestive tract. In this case, infections tend to be more severe, the treatment takes longer, complications are more common and the progression to the chronic stage (chronic...

Diagnosis and treatment of tonsillitis in children

doc.MUDr.Pavel Komínek, Ph.D., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):21-25  

The pharynx is the site of first contact of the body with the environment; therefore, a lot of inflammatory processes occur here. If an inflammation is mainly confined to the area of the tonsils, it is referred to as tonsillitis. Pharyngitides are most frequently of viral etiology, with group A Streptococcus pyogenes being the most common bacterial agent. They are diagnosed based on clinical examination and, if necessary, laboratory investigations (CRP, microbiological examination, etc.). Non-serious inflammatory processes are treated symptomatically and those caused by bacteria with antibiotics. Penicillin is the drug of choice in streptococcal...

Acne and psychic

MUDr.Zuzana Nevoralová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):26-29  

Acne vulgaris is the most common disease of pilosebaceous unit. The connection between acne and psychic is very interesting, but rarely mentioned in our literature. Psychologic factors may play a significant role in acne in at least three ways. First, emotional stress can exacerbate acne. Second, patients with serious acne can develop psychiatric problems, such low self-esteem, social phobias or depression. Finally, primary psychiatric illnesses such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and psychosis may be based on a complaint thas is focused on acne. In the article, all three possibilities are analysed.

Current treatment of cough

PharmDr.Jan Juřica, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):30-38  

The article reviews current knowledge on drugs and preparations for treatment of dry and mucus-producing cough which are currently available in the Czech Republic. In the introduction, there are given some suggestions concerning frequent and inappropriate combination of antitussive and mucoregulating drugs. The part of the article is denoted to antitussives, with respect to mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects of opioid-derived antitussives. Another part reviews the drugs for treatment of mucus-producing cough with respect to categorization according to the major mechanism of action, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics,...

Diagnosis and treatment of children with ADHD and comorbid anxiety

prof.MUDr.Ivana Drtílková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):39-41  

ADHD is often comorbid with anxiety disorders, with rates approaching 25–35 % in many samples of patiens. Recent studies indicate that anxiety in ADHD may partially inhibit the impulsivity and make working memory deficits worse. The subgroups may have differing clinical courses, and pharmacological responses. Studies examining stimulant response in children with ADHD/anxiety have recently yielded conflicting results. Atomoxetine was efficacious in reducing ADHD symptoms in patients who have ADHD with comorbid anxiety and was well tolerated.

Failure to thrive and repeated hyponatremia in an infant

MUDr.Lucie Štíchová, MUDr.Jan Pajerek

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):42-44  

Authors present two case reports of hyponatremia in infants that faile to thrive, caused by different types of pseudohypoaldosteronism.

Neuroborreliosis versus sclerosis multiplex

MUDr.Peter Mikolášek, MUDr.Lenka Krbková, CSc., MUDr.Lukáš Homola, MUDr.Iva Čapovová, MUDr.Tomáš Habanec, Ph.D., MUDr.Štefánia Rusnáková, MUDr.Marie Daňková, MUDr.Barbora Varadyová, doc.MUDr.Jarmila Skotáková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):45-47  

Clinical symptoms in neuroborreliosis and multiple sclerosis can be similar at the begining of the disease. Basic laboratory values in both diseases are quite non-specific, may be normal, or imitate a variety of other clinical entities. Therapeutic algorithm, severity of course and particulary the possibility of permanent disability due to late diagnosis and treatment delay are quite different. Although there are molecular mimicry hypotheses of lyme borreliosis as a potential trigger for multiple sclerosis (MS), there is not enough definitive evidence for this opinion. The subject of this article is differential diagnosis, proper initiation...

Malignant neuroleptic syndrome in a patient with migraine?

MUDr.Lukáš Eimer, MUDr.Pavel Rozsíval, MUDr.Marian Šenkeřík, MUDr.Anna Hanušová, MUDr.Michal Pipek, MUDr.Věra Sebroňová

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):48-50  

The authors present the case report of an adolescent, who had been followed-up for long time due to recurrent unconsciousness of unknown origin with neurologic symptomatology after basic injury. The patient‘s health condition (unconsciousness related to rigidity and hypertermia), which we present, resulted in the admission to the ICU for suspected malignant neuroleptic syndrome. The intensive life-supportive care and the administration of dantrolen became essential. Due to the patient‘s multiple events of unconsciousness of unknown origin in his past medical history it was difficult to determine the correct diagnosis.

Rotavirus gastroenteritis - significance and options of prevention

MUDr.Jan Pavelka, MUDr.Lenka Krbková, CSc., MUDr.Lukáš Homola

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):51-53  

We performed a retrospective analysis of the etiology of acute gastroenteritides (GE) in patients hospitalized at the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases of the Brno University Hospital in 2011. Rotavirus was shown in 35.8 % of them, with 91 % being children up to five years of age and 73 % children up to three years of age; the majority of patients were between six and 30 months old. Typically, most of the patients were hospitalized during the period December to May. Rotavirus is the most frequent causative agent of GE as well as pediatric death in the world. Worldwide, an average of 611,000 children die of RVGE annually, most of them...

Blood collection for newborn screening

Mgr.Jaroslava Fendrychová, Ph.D., Marie Ferdusová, Blanka Janíčková, Ludmila Tisovská

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):60-62  

The authors summarize current information on best practices relating to the collection of capillary blood for newborn screening and orientation information about the investigation to neonatal wards, with the result that not all recommendations in practice can be fully implemented.

Skull fibrous dysplasia

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Kamila Michálková, prof.MUDr.Jiří Ehrmann, Ph.D., MUDr.David Krahulík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):58-59  

Skull monoostic fibrous dysplasia is relatively uncommon disorder in children and adolescents. We describe the clinical and radiological findings of a 14-year-old boy with fibrous dysplasia involving left parietal bone treated with complete neurosurgery resection.

Poisoning in children

MUDr. Hana Rakovcová

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):55-57  

Child poisoning accounts for an increasing proportion of consultations provided by the Toxicological Information Center (TIS). Of particular risk is toddlerhood with its typical features concerning the range of noxious factors that may harm the child, depending on the particular age and related skills. Proper first aid in child poisoning requires staying calm and obtaining as accurate information as possible regarding the accident. Telephone consultation with the TIS requested by a lay person or an attending physician in case they are not familiar with a particular substance will provide instructions on first aid measures and subsequent steps.

Breast milk and thein bioactivities

MUDr.Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):63-64  

Knowledge about lactation as a process and the components of breast milk and their bioactivities has rapidly increased. The ability of breast milk to provide both passive protection and to affect development of the infant’s mucosal and systematic immune response and is coupled to its contents of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. This knowledge now can be utilized as a guideline for improving the compositoin of infant formulae.

Mapovitý jazyk - lingua geographica

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., Mgr. Eva Greplová

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(1):54