Pediatrics for Practice, 2013, issue 2

Editorial

Svoboda a řád ve výchově dětí

prof. PhDr. Pavel Říčan, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):71

Review articles

Sexual disordes in childhood

MUDr.Jana Spilková

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):78-80

During childhood and adolescence one‘s sexuality is undergoing changes that are symptomatic for particular developmental stages. Sexual development is a highly complex process in the course of which the basic components of human sexual behaviour are being developed. There is a variety of determining factors that causes inappropriate sexual behaviour, a certain role is to be assigned to comorbidity: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-ADHD, pervasive developmental disorders, mental retardation, behaviour disorders, anxious disorders, but also a possible development towards paraphilias. During the examination we often detect psycho-sexual...

Acute otitis media

MUDr.Jiří Skřivan, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):86-88

Article deals with acute otitis media with a stress on paediatric aspects of the disease. Aetiology, clinical picture, diagnostics and management are described in general.

Interpretation of perinatal and infant nutrition recommendations by child obesitologist

MUDr.Zlatko Marinov

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):89-92

A major challenge of the 21st century is the need for personalised dietary recommendations that also apply to infant and perinatal period. Adverse effect of universal dietary recommendations besides the increase of foodborne allergies is especially the pandemic of obesity. The increase of overweight children can be considered as consequence and failure of global dietary recommendations. In early childhood in the development of obesity is mainly influenced by food component. At this age, we cannot assume with hypomobility, which is currently a cause of core obesity in adults. Without prevention of overweight and individual dietary treatment...

Significance of vitamin D in pediatric practice

MUDr.Petr Tláskal, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):94-98

The author deals with the effect of vitamin D on bone as well as other tissues of the human body. The sources of vitamin D intake and production in children are assessed. During periods of time without exposure to sunlight, the organism is dependent on vitamin D intake through food or on its replacement. The currently employed preventive recommendations to supplement vitamin D intake in infants are in accordance with the needs of a child‘s organism. However, there is a question whether these measures are sufficient in the Czech Republic. Further targeted studies will be required to address this issue.

Lysosomal storage diseases: current diagnostic and therapeutic options

MUDr.Věra Malinová, doc.MUDr.Tomáš Honzík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):99-103

Lysosomal storage diseases are rare genetic diseases caused by insufficient activity of some of the lysosomal enzymes and/or transport proteins. Initial symptoms may appear any time from the neonatal period to late adulthood; early forms tend to have a severe course with rapid progression and unfavorable prognosis. There is multisystem involvement with continuous progression of symptoms and involvement of metabolically active organs or tissues – the bone marrow, liver, bones, skeletal muscles, myocardium, or CNS. The diagnosis is definitively confirmed by demonstration of reduced activity of the particular enzyme and by mutation analysis....

Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma

doc.MUDr.Vít Petrů, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):105-108

Allergic rhinitis represents a global health problem affecting 10 % to 20 % of the population. This rhinitis is defined by sensitization to inhaled allergens and symptoms such as rhinorhea, nasal obstruction, nasal itching, and sneezing during exposure to relevant allergens. Allergic rhinitis is associated with bronchial asthma, suggesting a link between upper and lower airways beyond allergy associated inflammation. In this article are presented recommendations about the prevention of allergic rhinitis, the use of oral and topical medications, allergen specific immunotherapy, and other treatments in patients with allergic rhinitis as well...

HPV vaccines: history, current experiences and future

RNDr.Eva Hamšíková

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):109-113

Results of epidemiological, molecular-biological, and immunological research identified oncogenic types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) as an etiological factor for cervical cancer (CC) and a significant portion of malignancies in anogenital region and head and neck cancers. Prophylactic HPV vaccines, available since 2006, prevent persistent infection with vaccinal HPV types as well as development of associated lesions with maximal efficacy in HPV naive children. Though the significant drop of CC incidence might be anticipated in population with high coverage of HPV vaccination in tens of years, in much shorter horizon the decrease of vaccinal...

Case report

Resistance of pediatric bacterial pathogens and options of antibiotic therapy

prof.MUDr.Milan Kolář, Ph.D., MUDr.Miroslava Htoutou Sedláková, Mgr.Luboslava Čekanová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):114-117

The present article defines resistance of the most frequent bacterial pathogens to antimicrobial agents in pediatric age in communityacquired as well as nosocomial infections. Based on these data, the options of antibiotic therapy are formulated.

A case of severe venous thrombosis in a newborn

MUDr.Alice Mocková, MUDr.Pavel Huml, doc.MUDr.Jiří Dort, Ph.D., MUDr.Renata Vondráková, MUDr.Zdena Černá, MUDr.Ivan Šubrt

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):118-119

A case report of the newborn with birth asphyxia and early-onset infection is presented. Immediately after birth the extensive renal vein thrombosis reaching up to the inferior vena cava in the newborn was detected. The authors discuss the etiology, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of this severe perinatal pathology.

Ceftriaxone associated cholelithiasis and urolithiasis

prof.MUDr.Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr.Zdeňka Ráčilová, MUDr.Veronika Texlová, MUDr.Helena Schneiderová

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):120-122

Ceftriaxone is a widely used third-generation cephalosporin that is generally considered very safe, but complications such as cholelithiasis (the prefer term is pseudocholelithiasis), and rarely, nephrolithiasis have been reported in children. Despite several trials, the mechanisms underlying the formation of ceftriaxone-associated pseudocholelithiasis and/or nephrolithiasis remain unclear. We here report a 8-year old boy with aseptic meningoencephalitis complicated by pseudocholelithiasis and nephrolithiasis on the 6th day of treatment with ceftriaxone. During treatment with ceftriaxone was diagnosed hypercalciuria. Ceftriaxone associated...

Neonatal Bartter syndrome

MUDr.Marie Kmoníčková, doc.MUDr.Květa Bláhová, doc.MUDr.Štěpán Kutílek, MUDr.Marie Zemanová, MUDr.Vladimír Němec, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):123-125

Bartter syndrome represents a set of closely related autosomal recessive renal tubular disorders characterized by hypokalemia, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis and hyperreninemia with normal blood pressure. Advances in molecular diagnostics have revealed that Bartter syndrome results from mutation in numerous genes that affect the function of ion channels and transporters normally mediating transepithelial salt reabsorption in the sick ascending limb of loop of Henle. We present the case of the patient who was born in Pardubice Hospital in June 2010. The boy was diagnosed with neonatal Bartter syndrome.

For nurses

Mandatory vaccination in children - the role of the nurse in Child GP

Mgr.Alena Machová, Bc.Martina Suchanová

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):130-136

Vaccination is a highly efficient measure in prevention of some infectious diseases. In the Czech Republic it is regulated by law nr. 258/2000 Col., Proctection of general health and by a decree of the Czech Health Ministry nr. 537/2006 Col., regarding vaccination against infectious diseases. The form and content of mandatory vaccination is decided by the Czech Ministry of Health. In CR the vaccination of children in divided into voluntary and mandatory. Mandatory is nation-wide, regulated and financed by the state. Vaccination is normally administered by the paediatrician or nurse with the doctor present. The vaccination must be recorded into...

Clinicoradiological diagnosis

Multiple fractures of infant suffering from chronic subdural hematoma as a consequence of physical abuse?

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Kamila Michálková, MUDr.Zuzana Petrová

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):137-139

Infants with multiple unexplained fractures are often victims of inflicted injury. Fractures from child abuse are significantly more common in children under 18 months of age than in older children, which should inform the differential diagnostic approach in this age group. The authors describe multiple unrecognized fractures of infant suffering from chronic subdural hematoma.

Prehospital emergency care

Drug poisoning in children

MUDr.Hana Rakovcová

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):126-129

Drug poisoning is the most common reason for consultation with the Toxicological Information Center (TIS) in children as well as adults. Poisoning in children younger than five years of age is most frequently caused by accident and medication error. In adolescents, it occurs mainly due to suicide attempts, predominantly in girls. Severe poisoning in infants, toddlers, and preschoolers is rare. In numerous situations, visit to a doctor is not necessary after consulting the TIS. In the case of exposure to toxic doses of drugs, primary drug elimination (prior to absorption); symptomatic treatment; sporadically antidotes; and rarely methods of...

Information

Significance of ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine SynflorixTM (PCV10) in the context of new efficacy data

MUDr.Pavel Kosina, Ph.D., doc.PhDr.Jan Štochl, M.Phil., PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(2):141-142

Introduction of heptavalent pneumococal conjugated vaccine was followed by substantial reduction of pneumococcal diseases in children and adults. Research on additional pneumocccal vaccines was inspired by increasing incidence of non-vaccine serotypes. The registrations derived from non-inferiority to PCV7 have been broadened to real clinical trials. Clinical trial FinIP aimed to the onset of IPD in Finland has been still the first study confirming the effectiveness of PCV10 against IPD. The reported overall efficacy against vaccine and non-vaccine serotypes was 93% (95 % CI 75–99). High efficacy of PCV10 against IPD in Finland is promising...