Rodiče, prarodiče, děti

doc. PhDr. Ilona Gillernová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):275  

Psychological development in infants and toddlers: developmental problems and disorders in early childhood (II)

PhDr.Daniela Sobotková, CSc., PhDr.Jaroslava Dittrichová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):280-283  

First three years of life is the period of rapid developmental changes. From this reason, there are concerns about distinguishing normal from abnormal behavior. However, it is necessary to recognize possible disorders in early childhood and provide appropriate help as soon as possible when it is most effective. Pediatricians and child neurologists mostly can not diagnose early psychological disorders. But they can provide the assessment by specialist (psychologist, psychiatrist) who suggests eventually appropriate therapeutic procedure. This article should help pediatricians at such a decision in the case of reasonable suspicion of possible...

Reccurent tonzilitis

MUDr.Michal Jurovčík

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):284-286  

Diagnostics of reccurent tonzilitis is difficult and often failed. Basic tool for disease prevention is early finding of pathogen and adequate ATB treatment. Complications are most often caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. In cases, when conservative therapy failed is surgical approach (AT, TE) fully rightful.

General principles of vaccination in a primary care pediatrician’s office

MUDr.Daniel Dražan

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):287-290  

Vaccination provides protection against infection by inducing antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity after artificial antigen administration. The success of the immunization program is dependent on the immunization rate achieved in the population. In the Czech Republic, the highest coverage is achieved for vaccines that are mandatory and paid for by health insurance. When vaccinating it is necessary to follow the recommended schedules and contraindications. Conversely incorrect contraindications expose the most vulnerable ill patients to unnecessary risk of serious infectious diseases. Following the rules of handling with vaccines is...

Failure to thrive infants and toddlers

MUDr.Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):291-294  

The term failure to thrive is used primarily to describe a failure to gain weight. The lack of weight gain may be due to a variety of medical and/or social conditions.

New aspects of diagnosing and treating urinary tract infections in infants and toddlers

doc.MUDr.Pavel Geier, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Janusz Feber, FRCPS

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):296-297  

Although febrile urinary tract infection is a relatively frequent condition in small children and has been paid much attention to in the long term, the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of children with this disease has been a matter of heated debate. The review article provides an overview of current opinions on this issue presented in the form of guidelines and review articles in major medical journals.

Possibilities of allergy prevention in the prenatal and postnatal periods in 2013

MUDr.Eva Daňková

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):298-302  

Allergic diseases are manifested in an increasingly greater percentage of the population. The key to prevention is very probably to induce immunological tolerance to allergens. Recommended measures are still based in part on evidence-based medicine. At present, it is advisable high-quality and varied diet without eliminating allergenic foods in healthy children. That diet is also necessary to follow during pregnancy and lactation. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least four months. Introduce solid foods, including allergenic foods until the end of the sixth month of age. Another need is to follow a healthy lifestyle and to avoid exposure to near-roadway...

Histiocytoses

MUDr.Radka Jarkovská, MUDr.Pavel Timr

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):303-306  

Histiocytoses are hematologic diseases that can be benign as well as life-threatening disorder. It is necessary to consider these diseases despite of their rare incidence. Present classification considers patogenesis of these disorders that is useful to predict prognosis and planning therapy. This article is concerned on the most common clinical histiocytic disorders which is Langerhans cell histiocytosis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Hearing-impaired child at the pediatrician office from a phoniatrician‘s point of view

MUDr.Petr Myška

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):307-309  

Early diagnosis of hearing impairment is of crucial importance in a child’s life. For this reason, a pediatrician should perform a hearing exam, along with other necessary specialised tests, immediately after he/she had identified risks of hearing impairment in the newborn‘ s anamnesis or had ben warned by the parents about a possible problem. Both the diagnosis of congenital or acquired hearing impairment after birth, and the installment of hearing aids, should take place by the end of the first year in a child’s life at the latest. potentials, audiometry examination, hearing aids, cochlear implantation.

Treatment of atopic dermatitis in children

MUDr.Hana Duchková, DrSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):310-314  

Treatment of atopic dermatitis is focused on avoidance of specific and nonspecific provocation factors, hydrating topical therapy, the aplication of anti-inflammatory drugs – local corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors – tacrolimus and pimecrolimus. Dietary recommendations should be specific selected only in diagnosed food allergy. Allergen specific immunotherapy to aeroallergens is usefull in selected cases.

An unexpected cause of acute chest pain in adolescent boy

MUDr.Linda Křižáková, MUDr.Bohumír Blažek, MUDr.Petr Kordoš, MUDr.Petr Širůček, MUDr.Zdenka Křenová

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):316-318  

We are presenting the case of a boy admitted to hospital for acute chest pain; the boy has been diagnosed with spontaneous rupture of the spleen. Based on laboratory test results, we anticipated EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) etiology of the boy’s condition, but surprisingly, the histological analysis determined a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Spleen rupture belongs among the life-threatening complications of infectious mononucleosis, and the speed of its diagnosis is of key import for the patient’s prognosis quoad vitam. Peripheral T-cell lymphoma is an entirely rare paediatric disease; only a few cases of incidence of such tumor...

A long way from sequester to dyskinesia

MUDr.Jana Čermáková, MUDr.Adriana Nemcová, MUDr.Veronika Křivská, MUDr.Helena Strmeňová

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):319-320  

This case report concerns a 15-year-old female patient referred to the pulmonologist for a recurring bronchitis and bronchopneumonia.

Primary writing tremor

MUDr.Jan Hálek, MUDr.Marta Neklanová

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):321-322  

Authors present ilustrative case of rare disorder with task-specific – writing – tremor. Outset of primary writing tremor at the teen age is unique.

Nontypical abdominal pain

MUDr.Ivana Slívová, MUDr.Eva Bednaříková, MUDr.Vladimír Richter, Ph.D., MUDr.Zuzana Vávrová

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):323-324  

Intussusception is the most common abdominal emergency situation in infants and small children. There has been great progress in diagnostic and therapeutic management of intussusception. Ultrasound has been shown to be the first choice imaging technique in diagnosting intussusception and hydrostatic or pneumatic reduction are the preferred technique for treatment. The authors describe a case of nontypical abdominal pain and the role of laparoscopy in diagnostic and therapeutic management.

Some findings from the research of procedural pain in neonates

Mgr.Jaroslava Fendrychová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):326-328  

This article presents some findings from studies of procedural pain in neonates, which took place in the Czech Republic and abroad, and without statistical methods assesses the frequency of the selected painful procedures carried out in the first days of life of the child. The result is the finding that neither abroad nor in the Czech Republic the neonatal pain is not evaluated enough, although many improved over the years. Nurses in many departments use non-pharmacological pain management techniques and rating scales at least.

Irreducible indirect inguinal hernia containing ovary

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Tomáš Malý, Ph.D., MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):329-330  

Indirect inguinal hernia is the most common congenital anomaly in the pediatric age group. About 15–20 % of hernias in infant girl contain ovary, sometimes with Fallopian tube. The diagnosis of irredusible inguinal hernia in a 2-month-old girl with ovary was highly suspected preoparatively by ultrasonography and confirmed during surgical correction.

Infant feeding and the prevention of celiac disease

MUDr.Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):334  

It is prudent to avoid both early (< 4 months) and late (≥ 7 months).

Herpes labialis

doc.MUDr.Romana Ivančaková

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):340  

Herpes labialis is infectious disease of the lips caused by HSV. The formation of small blisters is typical manifestation of the disease. The diagnosis is based on anamnesis and clinical appearance. The treatment is mostly topical with antiviral drugs.

New possibilities in medical treatment of acute diarrhea in pediatric patients: racecadotril - an enkephalinase inhibitor

MUDr.Peter Szitányi, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):331-332  

Acute gastroenteritis represents one of the most frequent diseases in pediatric patients. Racecadotril is a new drug, which increases therapeutic possibilities of pediatric diarrhea. The use of racecadotril in combination with oral rehydration solutions (ORS) is recommended for treatment of acute gastroenteritis.

Goat milk versus constipation and allergy in children

MUDr.Jiří Slíva, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2013;14(5):336-338  

Goat milk, when compared to cow milk, is more similar to maternal milk with regard to its composition. Since the feeding with cow milk or diary products might be relatively often associated with allergy, goat milk can be an interesting alternative. In this article, its relation to allergy is mostly discussed, especially from the pathophysiologic point of view, and other possible benefits on gastrointestinal tract are outlined.