Slovo úvodem

PhDr. Václav Mertin

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):3  

Life - threatening infections diseases in pediatric primary care

doc.MUDr.Ivan Novák, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):9-12  

The article is devoted to serious, life-threatening disease caused by bacteria, beginning sepsis. Indicating their general characteristics with respect to when they think a general practitioner for children and adolescents (hereafter PLDD). The therapeutic procedures are recommended for general practice in primary care before being transported to hospital, or other action with respect to individual agents of life-threatening infections (Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b).

Chronic cough in children

doc.MUDr.Jiřina Chládková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):13-15  

Chronic cough has been variably defined as a cough lasting longer than 3, 8 or 12 weeks. Viral or atypical bacterial infections of airways and pertussis are associated with prolonged dry coughing that resolves over time. A large proportion of children with isolated chronic dry cough have bronchial asthma, chronic rhinits and extraesophageal reflux disease. Adenoid hypertrophy is a common cause of chronic cough in preschool and school children. It is reasonable to consider the possibility that cough may represent a form of somatoform disorder – psychogenic cough after other causes have been ruled out. Patients with persistent bacterial...

Reasonable treatment in children with respiratory infections

MUDr.Hana Roháčová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):16-21  

Infections of the respiratory system constitute some of the most common childhood illnesses throughout the year. The number of infections increases mainly in the colder months wherein children fall ill several times over the course of several months. These are mainly mild upper respiratory cases. However there are cases that are not so trivial. These are mainly lower respiratory infections and even inner ear complaints which can have a severe course and can be accompanied by a range of complication that may even lead to long-term consequences. The vast majority of respiratory infections are of viral origin; therefore, their treatment is symptomatic....

Allergen-specific immunotherapy in children

doc.MUDr.Vít Petrů, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):22-24  

Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only effective causal treatment that can modify the natural history of allergic diseases and induce allergen-specific immune tolerance in children and adults. It is highly effective in IgE-mediated diseases as in allergic rhino- -conjunctivitis and allergic asthma and in patients who develop systemic anaphylactic reactions to wasp/bee venom. In current clinical practice immunotherapy is delivered either subcutaneous or sublingually. Allergen administrations may bee associated with local, and in some cases, even systemic allergic side-effects. The development of allergen vaccines in drops and tablets for...

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in childhood

MUDr.Pavel Theiner, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):25-27  

The article summarizes current knowledge on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The core symptoms are obsessions and compulsions, often accompanied by associated symptoms. The age of onset of OCD is typically the early adulthood, up to one fifth of patients however are symptomatic before puberty. The disorder is more frequent in boys in childhood and has a better outcome than in adults. It has been found a significant role of the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex and the basal ganglia in the pathophysiology of OCD. One subtype may be associated with the group A streptococcal infections. The treatment is based on pharmacotherapy and...

Rapid diagnostic tests in paediatric practice: significance and use

MUDr.Renáta Růžková

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):28-30  

In the paediatric practice, a situation is increasingly encountered in which one cannot wait for the correct diagnosis and evaluation of the current health condition of a sick child, but it is necessary to act and respond rapidly and effectively in order to initiate the appropriate treatment as soon as possible while not having to refer the child to hospital or other consultant examinations in specialist services. The patient’s general condition is not always a sufficient criterion for distinguishing diseases of viral and bacterial origin. The aim of the paper is to inform on the use of POCT and show the options of rapid and correct diagnosis...

Cranial nerve lesions in children

MUDr.Josef Kraus, CSc., MUDr.Věra Sebroňová, Marie Brožová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):31-34  

Cranial nerve lesion is a rare condition in children. However, it might be an alarming sign of serious underlying disease such as neoplasm, systemic disease or congenital anomaly. Therefore, careful detailed investigation, neuroimaging and differential diagnosis are essential in children, even if the palsy is isolated. The most frequently verifiable cause of acute peripheral facial palsy in children is Lyme borreliosis. Nearly all are associated with lymphocytic meningitis. Children with idiopathic palsy have a very good prognosis.

Rapunzel syndrom - unexpected cause of abdominal pain

MUDr.Romana Valentová, MUDr.Jan Schwarz, MUDr.Václav Lád, prof.MUDr.Josef Sýkora, Ph.D., MUDr.Jan Geiger, MUDr.Jiří Podlipný, Ph.D., MUDr.Jana Matějovicová, prof.MUDr.Jiří Kobr, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):35-37  

The authors present a case of a six year old girl with an abdominal pain lasting for a few years. The reason for the pain was finally revealed as Rapunzel syndrome which is an extreme form of trichobezoar, where the tail of the bezoar extends from the stomach to the small bowel.

Rhabdomyolysis as the manifestation of in born energy metabolism error in 2-year-old boy

MUDr.Štěpán Rucki, CSc., MUDr.Eva Hrubá

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):38-41  

A case report of 2-year-old boy with relapsing episodes of rhabdomyolysis is presented. The disorder of beta-oxidation of long chain fatty acid was presumed by the metabolic testing at the Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders. The results of further special testing on the level of enzymes and gene activities led to the diagnosis of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficit. Various causes of rhabdomyolysis, its clinical manifestation, diagnostic approach and treatment are listed at a glance in the discussion.

Choledochal cyst

MUDr.Petr Šindler, MUDr.Zuzana Adamová, MUDr.Tomáš Malý, Ph.D., MUDr.Tomáš Bár

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):42-44  

Choledochal cyst is a rare dilatation of biliar system often associated with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union. Incidence is in Europe and USA 1 : 10 000–15 000 live born children. The etiology is not known. Most anomalies will present in childhood with obstructive jaundice, abdominal pain and palpable mass. If it is diagnosed in adulthood, there is a severe risk of malignant transformation. We would like to present a case of 2,5 year old girl, which was treated 3× for pancreatitis. This lead us to performing CT and ERCP where common channel and choledochal cyst were described. Resection and hepaticojejunal anastomosis was indicated...

The results of the spontaneous healing of cephalhematomas

MUDr.Martin Matas, doc.MUDr.Jiří Dort, Ph.D., MUDr.Hana Tobrmanová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):45-46  

Introduction: A cephalhematoma is a birth trauma. It is a subperiostal bleeding limited to the surface of one or more skull bones. It changes due to processes of calcification and ossification within several weeks into a hard bulge. Later a bone remodeling takes place and at the end the original form of the skull bones is regained. Objective: A retrospective study to assess the results after the spontaneous healing of cephalhematomas at the age 2–9 years in a cohort of children born at University Hospital in Pilsen from 2004 to 2010. Methods: The information was gained from health records at the out-patient department and x-ray examination...

Influence of education on hygienic habits of pre school age children

Mgr.Hana Bořilová, Mgr.Jaroslava Fendrychová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):52-54  

The article is aimed on issues connected with hygienic habits of pre school age children group because they are the major part in prevention of development and transfer of all kinds of illnesses. In the survey, which was organised in March 2013 and in which took part 8 boys and 8 girls in age of 4 to 6 years, there was found out that a lot of them have gaps in this matter. There was a special educational program developed for them. This program learned them the correct hygienic habits by playing. Following research should test if there were any changes in subconscious of the children. The processed results were handed out to the parents of...

Ill or disabled child in family

doc.PaedDr.et Mgr.Eva Zacharová, Ph.D., PhDr.Zdenka Římovská

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):55-56  

Illness of a child causes really stressful situation for his/her parents. The way they manage this situation and react to it co-determines how much demanding the illness will be for the child. Parents interpret the illness to their child and their reactions give particular and specific meaning to this situation. Child does not have so detailed information about his\her healthy problem because he\she would not understand it. Parents’ attitude and their consequent behaviour is the most important thing for child. Child’s health is very significant value for parents and illness means unrighteous threat. Considerable difference between...

An anusual cause of acute abdominal pain: intussusception associated with inverted Meckel´s diverticulum

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Martin Loveček, MUDr.Michaela Špenerová, MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):50-51  

Intussusception is a frequent cause for bowel obstructions and pediatric surgical consult. We describe a seventeen old boy presented with episodes of sever abdominal pain and vomiting of 22-hour duration. Isolated inversion of Meckel´s diverticulum as a lead point for intussusception was preoperatively diagnosed with combination of abdominal radiography, sonography and computerized tomography.

Několik poznámek k interpretaci zdravotnické legislativy

MUDr. Josef Grym

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):58  

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and their treatment

doc.MUDr.Romana Ivančaková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):57  

It is chronic disease of oral mucosa characterized by recurrent formation of whitish, painful ulcerations. The diagnosis is based on clinical appearance. The treatment is symptomatic, relieving the painful troubles of the child.

Nepřehlédnutelné odchylky

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr. Barbora Špičáková, MUDr. Linda Skutková, MUDr. Magdalena Rohanová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):49  

Complications of rotavirus infection in infants

MUDr.Renata Kračmarová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(1):47-48  

Rotavirus infections remain to be a substantial problem of pediatrics due to their frequency and serious clinical course. The case report of a ten-month-old infant with rapid development of mineral dysbalance and neurological symptoms is presented. The case illustrates the risks of the disease even in condition of an early medical intervention. Although the vaccination against rotavirus represents an efficacious solution, it is still used in an insufficient way.