...A co k tomu říká právo?

MUDr. ThLic. Jaromír Matějek, Ph.D., Th.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):63  

Tick-borne encefalitis in childhood, importance of vaccination

MUDr.Lenka Petroušová, MUDr.Alena Zjevíková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):67-69  

Tick- borne encefalitis (TBE) virus is the most common cause of aseptic neuroinfections in the Czech Republic. The incidence is 5–10 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. The meningitis is the main clinical presentation, meningoencephalitis is less frequent and encephalomyelitis is rare in childhood. Two – thirds of the children were reported to have deficits in cognitive functions and memory problems after TBE. Vaccination is effective in prevention of the disease. WHO recommends vaccination for all age groups, including children in endemic areas.

Airway obstruction in children from the perspective of an otorhinolaryngologist

MUDr.Lenka Čábalová, doc.MUDr.Pavel Komínek, Ph.D., MBA, MUDr.Karol Zeleník

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):70-73  

Airway obstruction is very frequent in childhood and has a variety of causes. Age plays an essential role in differential diagnosis. While in newborns and infants congenital defects need to be considered, in older children it is mainly respiratory infections. In the practice, an otorhinolaryngologist encounters conditions that are usually not immediately life threatening; however, when not treated appropriately, they may progress rapidly or harm the child’s health and normal development. Therefore, a child suspected of having impaired airway patency, particularly a long-lasting one, should always be examined by an otorhinolaryngologist....

Listeriosis

MUDr.Soňa Foltýnová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):74-75  

Listeriosis is a congenital or acquired infectious disease caused by eating food containing the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. It occurs in the external environment – in soil and water. Animals are carriers of the bacteria, the disease however clearly does not affect them. Through animal products, especially meat and milk it gets into the food chain. Pasteurization and boiling destroys bacteria, on the other hand bacteria remains present in the animal products that have not undergone sufficient heat treatment. Only a small number of cases affect healthy individuals, the disease is especially dangerous for pregnant women, newborns and...

New recommendations in diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma

MUDr.Helena Vávrová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):76-78  

Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic lower respiratory disease in childhood throughout the world. Diagnosis of asthma in chil dren can be difficult, because episodic wheezing and cough are symptoms often attending respiratory disease, especially in children under 3 years. The principles of pediatric asthma management are generally accepted and the treatment goal is disease control. To achieve this, patients and their parents should be educated to optimally manage the disease and treatment, in collaboration with healthcare professionals. Identification and avoidance of triggers is also of significant importance. Pharmacotherapy is the...

Allergic conjunctivitis in children

MUDr.Milan Odehnal, MBA, MUDr.Denisa Petrušková, MUDr.Jiří Malec

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):79-82  

Seasonal and perennial conjunctivitis is the most common form of eye allergies. Among the less common but clinically severe allergic forms, ranks vernal keratoconjunctivitis which is only characteristic for childhood and rare atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Main subjective symptoms in allergic conjunctivitis is itching, tearing and photophobia. Chemosis of conjunctiva, eyelid swelling and redness of the eye play a role in clinical diagnosis. Prevention in allergic conjunctivitis is limited. Therapy of allergic conjunctivitis is based on local application of antihistaminics and mastcell stabilizers. Most optimal are their combination. Chronic conjunctivitis...

Streptococcus agalactiae as a cause of reccurent septicemia in an immuno-competent infant

MUDr.Radka Drápalová, MUDr.Eva Klásková, MUDr.Pavla Fabulová, prof.MUDr.František Kopřiva, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):86-88  

Neonatal and infantile sepsis are the most redoubtable problems in neonatology and pediatrics. In this article we discuss the most frequent cause of neonatal sepsis, which is Streptococcus agalactiae, group B streptococcus (GBS). We present a case report of an infant with recurrent sepsis caused by GBS. In the discussion we mention the pathogenetic mechanisms of recurrent GBS invasive infections and possible prophylactic follow-up antibiotic treatment.

The mystery of foreign body

MUDr.Veronika Matušková, MUDr.Pavel Klvaňa, MUDr.Jaroslav Havelka, MUDr.Kateřina Zelenáková, MUDr.Karla Hrňová, MUDr.Frydrych Borek

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):93-94  

We present a case study of an 8.5 year old boy with abdominal pain which developed after blunt trauma to the right lumbar area. A combination of imaging methods revealed an acicular foreign body whose location was localized in the second part of the duodenum (D2). Subsequently, an endoscopy was performed where an entire 65 mm long wooden toothstick was extracted. Initial doubt of the foreign body penetrating the kidney was not confirmed. The boy and his parents were both unaware of the boy ingesting the object.

Erythema nodosum in combined Chlamydia and Salmonella infection in two classmates

MUDr.Jakub Heczko, MUDr.Josef Grym

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):95-96  

Erythema nodosum is considered to be a nonspecific immune response to an antigenic stimulus, most frequently an infectious one. The authors present two case reports of 9-year-old classmates in whom an eruption of erythema nodosum was associated with a previously undescribed combined infection with two pathogens: Chlamydia trachomatis and Salmonella enteritidis. The epidemiological association of both the cases and a nearly identical clinical presentation, course and response to treatment were conspicuous. After reviewing the literature, the authors discuss the potential effect of the infective agents themselves on the occurrence of erythema...

Gastroschisis: not quite easy to diagnose in a newborn

MUDr.Kateřina Konopásková, MUDr.Alena Kokešová, Ph.D., MUDr.Dagmar Heroldová, MUDr.Mahulena Mojžíšová, doc.MUDr.Michal Rygl, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):97-99  

Gastroschisis is a very frequent congenital defect. Given their incidence (that of 1 : 5,800), abdominal wall defects should be twice as common for the pediatric surgeon than, for example, esophageal atresia. Gastroschisis is usually not associated with the presence of chromosomal and structural malformations, except for intestinal atresias. Plastic closure of the defect tends to be easier than in omphalocele. In large gastroschisis, a nonviolent reduction of bowel loops and a multistage defect closure (the silo technique, a synthetic patch) are preferred. Complete functional recovery of a prenatally damaged intestine and transition to full...

BCGitis of the hip in one year old child

MUDr.Blanka Horová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):100-102  

Infection of the hip caused by the vaccination strain Mycobacterium bovis-BCG in newborns in the period of mandatory vaccination against tuberculosis occured as a complication, but rarely. The attached article focuses on the case of a one year old child with the infection BCGitis of the hip. It emphasises close cooperation of clinical doctors with laboratories, it deals with precise and quick microbiological sampling of cases and reminds us of the necessity to sample not only nonspecific bacterial flora, but also sampling of specific flora of mycobacteria.

Care for children with atopic dermatitis

Naděžda Svobodová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):103-104  

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects up to 20 % of the population. The mainstay of treatment is adherence to a certain regimen and regular skin care (softening) with external drugs. The role of an experienced nurse in the treatment of children with AD is irreplaceable. When applied correctly, external treatment is effective; therefore, it is important to train parents to use a proper technique. AD has a significant impact on the quality of life of both the ill child and the whole family. The author describes the principles of proper care for children with atopic dermatitis in an outpatient setting and at the bed...

Renal abscess as a rare complication of acute pyelonephritis.

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Hana Flögelová, MUDr.Darina Aleksijevič, MUDr.Kamila Michálková, MUDr.Oldřich Šmakal, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):106-108  

Renal abscesses in the paediatric patient population are a rare entity. We describe the conservative management of a 18-year old girl with a unilateral multiple renal abscesses.

Home birth, responsibility of the pregnant woman and planned participation of medical staff member

MUDr.ThLic.Jaromír Matějek, Ph.D., Th.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):109-110  

In this article we try to explain ethical foudation of ethical reflection of homebirth and try to answer the question, whether or not, and eventually on what condition, the medical staff member can take a part in home birth.

Nezapomínejme na adolescenty

MUDr. Marie Dvořáková

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):117  

Legislation for assessment of medical fitness to sport in paediatric practice

MUDr.Dalibor Pastucha, Ph.D., MBA, prof.MUDr.Eliška Sovová, Ph.D, MBA, MUDr.Jana Malinčíková, Ph.D., MUDr.Marek Kocvrlich

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):111-112  

The paper presents a comprehensive summary of currently valid legislation for the assessment of medical fitness binding for registering physicians since January 2014. It is based on the Act 373/2011 Coll., on Specific Health Services, and the Decree 391/2013 Coll., on medical fitness to physical education and sport.

Growth charts - limits of current use

doc.RNDr.Petr Sedlak, Ph.D., RNDr.Jitka Riedlová, Ing.Jana Vignerová, CSc., Mgr.Markéta Paulová, Ph.D., doc.RNDr.Pavel Bláha, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(2):113-116  

The Czech Republic belongs to the countries in which studies of growth of children have a long tradition. Matiegka realized the first extensive transversal research of 100 000 school children already in 1894–1895. In 1951, many years before the recommendations of WHO were made, a tradition of national monitoring of p hysical growth of children and youth began. Measurement was always carried out every ten years in the form of transverse representative surveys, the Nation-wide anthropological surveys of children and youth (NAS). Latest VI. NAS conducted in 2001. It is still the valid source of reference data for the Czech population aged...