Přínos pěstounské péče pro dítě

MUDr. Zdeněk Novotný

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):247  

Child with immunodeficiency - possibilities of solution

doc.MUDr.Vojtěch Thon, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):254-256  

2nd part: Treatment and newborn screening Early diagnosis of immunodeficiency makes possible early definitive therapy and avoids the complications of pretreatment infections. T-cell immunodeficiency defects become apparent as combined T- and B-cell deficiencies. Therefore, implementation of TRECs and KRECs into the newborn screening from dried blood spot will increase the preventive approach to early immunodeficiency diagnostics. Infants undergoing transplantation in the first 3 months of life have a much higher rate of survival than those undergoing transplantation later.

Atopic dermatitis - what´s new?

doc.MUDr.Růžena Pánková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):257-263  

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic, itchy, inflammatory multifactorial disease that can occur at any age. The clinical manifestations of AD vary considerably and change with the age of the patient (atopic march). Infant, child, adolescent, and adult phases are distinguished. In the infant phase, AD affects the scalp, face, and extensor surface of the limbs. If it presents with erythroderma, differential diagnosis must be performed in order to rule out metabolic disorders and immunodeficiency. Early occurrence of AD predisposes to the development of extrinsic AD. Current research into the genetic, immunological, and epidemiological properties...

Acute respiratory infection - diagnosis and treatment from the view of otolaryngologists

MUDr.Petra Bruthansová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):265-268  

Review of the most common upper airway and upper digestory tract infections, their epidemiology and clinical course is presented. The paper is focused on clinical course and the diagnostical and therapeutical approach is proposed.

Constipation: a challenge for parents, children, and physicians

MUDr.Eliška Hloušková

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):270-273  

Constipation is a common problem encountered by general paediatricians. It is manifested by infrequency and difficulty in passing the stool. Clinically, it is important to distinguish organic and functional constipation. Organic constipation is indicated by numerous warning signs and any suspicion should result in early referral to a paediatric gastroenterologist. Functional constipation is much more frequent. It occurs as a result of experience with painful defecation and the fear of it being repeated, with the child actively resisting defecation. The treatment is based on several simultaneously occurring steps: education, release of retained...

Vomiting child

MUDr.Katarína Mitrová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):275-279  

Vomiting is a relatively common symptom in children. It can be caused by a variety of gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal disorders that can range from mild to life-threatening conditions. Appropriate differential diagnosis of these conditions is a key to early and optimal therapy.

Allergy - actual therapeutical posibilities

Mgr.Žaneta Tomčalová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):280-286  

The ocurrence of allergies grows worldwide. The artical brings actual therapeutical possibilities of allergic diseases. The treatment should be complex. There are some tips how to try to eliminate allergens from the patient‘s surroundings. The main part of the paper is focused on particular groups of active substances: antihistaminic drugs, corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, specific immunotherapy, biological therapy with monoclonal antibodies.

Possibilities of positive influence on bone mass in children, the current view of rickets

MUDr.Veronika Cirmanová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):287-290  

Childhood is a period of formation of peak bone mass. Primary prevention of osteoporosis must concentrate on increasing bone mass before the end of adolescence. Bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) are predictors of the risk of fracture. BMC increases mainly in the first three years of life and during pubertal growth spurt. The process of acquisition of bone mass is indeed genetically determined, but influenced by many factors depending on lifestyle. Peak bone mass (PBM) is achieved early third decade of life, with 26% of the adult BMC is obtained during 4-year period around the peak growth rate and up to 60% during peripubertal...

Secondary vasculitis in a 4-year-old girl

MUDr.Marika Talábová, MUDr.Ladislava Šerclová, MUDr.Lenka Minxová, Doc.MUDr.Radomír Taláb, MUDr.Ľudovít Klzo, MUDr.Renata Kračmarová, prof.MUDr.Pavla Doležalová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):291-293  

We report a case of a 4-year-old girl who developed focal neurological symptoms six weeks after having a varicella infection. MR angiography (MRA) showed changes characteristic for CNS vasculitis. The girl was treated with intravenous corticosteroids followed by oral ones, which resulted in regression of the neurological symptoms. Three months after termination of corticosteroid therapy, there was recurrence of vasculitic injury to the CNS and, according to follow-up MR angiography, treatment with intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone was repeated. Subsequent treatment with oral methylprednisolone was maintained for four months. Given the...

Stevens-Johnson syndrome in the course of infection of the airways caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae

MUDr.Lenka Šigutová, MUDr.Eva Klásková, MUDr.Marie Rohanová, MUDr.Michaela Špenerová, MUDr.Jan Saitz, prof.MUDr.František Kopřiva, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Světlana Brychtová, Ph.D., MUDr.Vratislav Smolka

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):294-297  

Infections caused by the microorganism Mycoplasma pneumoniae are quite common in childhood and paediatricians are familiar with their course and their symptoms. In this paper the authors present a case demonstrating a serious course of mycoplasmatic infection of the lower respiratory tract of a 16-year old boy with rare extrapulmonary symptoms. Apart from a severe course of pneumonia, the infection was manifested by affection of the skin and the mucous membranes, thus complying with the criteria of a Stevens-Johnson syndrome. The established Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was most likely the cause of this life-threatening disease. A proper...

Measurement signs of children‘s fear in the hospital by pediatric nurse

Mgr.Lenka Mazalová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):300-302  

Aim: The aim of the survey was to find out which are the most important symptoms of children‘s fear in hospital. Methodology: Set of 22 pediatric nurses rated the importance of the symptoms of fear for children 6 to 16 years at the hospital. This was followed by confirmation of the presence of symptoms of fear observation of 50 children on a standard pediatric ward. Results: Pediatric nurses evaluated the 6 characteristics as the most important and 33 as more important symptoms of fear for that group of children. The most observed symptom of fear was to identify the object of fear and report apprehension. Conclusion: Accurate assessment...

Round homogenous lesion in chest radiograph (round pneumonia) in a child with fever - a pediatric entity

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Pavlína Korkešová, MUDr.Zuzana Leblová, MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):298-299  

We describe case of previously healthy 7-year-old boy examined for a 3-day history of cough and fever. A chest x-ray examination revealed a round solid opacity at the right upper lobe. Laboratory analysis suggested bacterial infection. Because of the atypical radiological features and location of the mass, a chest CT scan was performed confirming a large consolidation in the right upper lobe. The patient responded promptly to intravenous antibiotic treatment with complete resolution of clinical symptoms and radiological signs.

Intoxication in children and young people

doc.MUDr.Michal Hladík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):308-310  

The presentation lists specific signs of intoxication and basic elimination measures in cases of peroral poisoning. Mentioned are also the most frequently observed types of poisoning with medicinal products (benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, paracetamol), narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances (opioids, cocaine and amphetamines, methamphetamine), and also poisonous plants available in the Czech Republic.

What Vitamins and When to Recommend Them to Children

Mgr.Margit Slimáková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):303-307  

Sufficient levels of micronutrients, including vitamins, are essential for the proper functioning of the body. Recommended daily doses serve as a guide to determine a sufficient amount of micronutrients and to possibly prescribe supplementation. Do children only need good food or do they need to regularly take vitamin supplements? According to advertisements, there is no other way but to take vitamin supplements. However, professional recommendations are more sober and prefer a healthy diet as a source of vitamins.

Double jubilee

MUDr.Josef Grym

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):311-312  

The article remembers the coincidence in time between the 25th anniversary of the November 1989 events in our country and the anniversary of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. It points out the inadequate publicity of the principles of the Convention and uses some of its articles to highlight the sporadic shortcomings in respecting children's rights in our society as well as the paradoxical situation when excessive accentuation of human rights and liberties in adults may simultaneously represent damage to the interests of children. The article also mentions the historical role of the field of paediatrics as a voluntary...

The role of N-acetylcysteine as a therapeutic substance in paediatrics

MUDr.Jiří Slíva, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):313-315  

N-acetylcysteine belongs to commonly used drugs from expectorants. Its mechanism of action is not based on the modified mucus formation and/or its structure in airways only, however, it possesses also antioxidant or immunomodulatory properties. These activities are discussed here in the context of its current therapeutic use with a special focus on paediatric population.

Léčba infekcí: laboratorní diagnostika má smysl jen při správném odběru racionálních vzorků

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(5):316-318