Pediatrics for Practice, 2015, issue 6

Editorial

Jak se dívat na psychosomatiku

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6)

Review articles

Practical approach to neonatal jaundice

MUDr.Marcela Černá

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):372-374

The article discusses the topic of neonatal jaundice, the possibilities for monitoring and evaluation as well as the relevant resulting problems in the setting of general paediatrics practise.

Premedication in children

MUDr.Petr Vojtíšek

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):375-378

Pharmacological premedication is preparing a patient for anesthesia (resp. surgery). Premedication should follow the development of anesthesia. There are a lot of bad practices from the past witch already have no place in our hospitals. There were many goals premedication with regard to side effects of anesthesia. Today is main aim of inducing anxiolysis. Preoperative psychological condition causes a number of problems – circulating dysregulation (e. g. tachycardia), disorders of breathing, postoperative analgetics consumption. PONV (Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting) is often associated with fear and stress. Last but not least salivation...

Indication of the examination of the paranasal sinuses in children

MUDr.Ivana Červinková, doc.MUDr.Jarmila Skotáková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):380-381

Correct indication of the examination of the paranasal sinuses in pediatric patients is often discussed issue. Most frequently it is an X-ray, other radiological methods are usually superstructure. The starting point for indicating the physician should be the Ministry of Health Bulletin, No. 11, 2003 „The indications for imaging”.

Chest pain in children

prof.MUDr.František Kopřiva, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):382-384

Chest pain is a nonspecific symptom which signals a minor disturbance and serious diseases occurring in children from an early age. For parents raising concerns for the well-known linkages among adults between chest pain and myocardial infarction frequently. And that why children are sending to investigate children’s cardiologist. Chest pain is after murmur the second most common reason a professional examination, even though children are rarely a symptom of heart disease unlike adults. Chest pain may have originated in the chest wall involvement, intrathoracic organs and surrounding areas (neck, shoulders, abdomenk) and its differential...

Paediatric dermatitides in winter time

MUDr.Martina Neradová Richterová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):386-388

The author presents an overview of paediatric dermatitides most commonly encountered by the dermatologist and general paediatrician in the winter time. They include the group of chronic dermatitides with periods of exacerbation and remission (atopic dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, psoriasis vulgaris); another group consists of seasonal viral exanthem conditions, another one of skin diseases caused by cold, and, finally, there are functional angiolopathies. caused by cold, functional angiolopathies.

Voiding dysfunction in children and how a paediatric urologist can help paediatricians

MUDr.Jan Šarapatka

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):390-391

Medical examination of children with incontinence is primarily carried out by a paediatrician. Basic examination enables differentiation between functional voiding disorder and more serious forms of incontinence. In the case of functional voiding disorder, treatment is initiated by the paediatrician. When basic treatment fails, or in the case of suspected organic anomaly the paediatrician should refer the child to a specialized clinic for advanced examination.

Self-harm during childhood and adolescence

Mgr.MUDr.Eva Rozsívalová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):392-394

Deliberate self-harm and self-injury is an inappropriate and harmful way of coping with problems. This is a behavioral manifestation observed during childhood and adolescence. This involves superficial self-cutting, self-immolation, overdosing with medicines or other chemical substances, self-beating, self-strangulation, wound self-laceration, hair removal and others. Adolescents want to hurt themselves and stay alive. They hide the self-harm consequences, the process itself is more important than the result during which he experiences craving, arousal increase, its depletion and alleviation associated with the need of recurrence. The therapy...

Cough in children and its treatment

MUDr.Zuzana Vančíková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):395-400

Childhood cough is the most frequent symptom for which parents with their children seek medical consultation. The causes of cough, as well as the diagnostic algorithm and therapy, differ in children and adults. Chronic or recurrent nonspecific cough is challenging diagnostic and therapeutic problem. In the article we describe diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of chronic cough in children.

Follow-up of oncologically cured children by general pediatricians

MUDr.Jarmila Kruseová, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Josef Koutecký, DrSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):401-403

Today more than 80% of children with cancer can be cured. The development of curative therapy for most paediatric malignancies has produced a growing population of survivors, who are at increased health risk the younger the child, the greater the risk. Various late effect may occur in most tissue, organs and life systems. This review sets out the most important of them in somatic, psychological and social aspects. Long-term analysis demonstrate their emergence at 60 % cured children. This damage may domino further. Each paediatrition should understand the risks, and monitor the child survivor for sufficient time to ensure quality of life.

Sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents

MUDr.Martina Kubicová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):404-409

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections spread by sexual intercourse. Adolescents initiating sex early, experimenting sexually, and neglecting their health are a risk group. The incidence of STDs has been increasing in the Czech Republic in recent years. Some of these diseases are compulsorily notifiable. Until 2010, syphilis was the most commonly occurring of these diseases, followed by gonorrhoea. Since 2011, there has been in increase in the rates of gonorrhoea infection that have even exceeded those of syphilis infection. The article particularly deals with the compulsorily notifiable STDs.

Case report

Never ending common cold in the first year of kindergarten attendance

MUDr.Karolína Doležalová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):411-414

The author presents a case study of a girl, who after starting her kindergarten attendance, has been indicated a sharp increase in morbidity. Based on this case study the author argues against the necessity of expert examination of all repeatedly sick children. In the theoretical part is defined the term recidivous respiratory infection, physiological morbidity and immunological test indication.

Incidental findings and artifacts in paediatrics

MUDr.Josef Grym

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):415-416

There are present two case reports describing the artical title. Six-year-old girl in whom bowel distension and accelerated peristalsis in rotaviral enteritis facilitated a delayed incidental diagnosis of a previously completely asymptomatic congenital diaphragmatic hernia. In an 18-year-old girl, the presentation of suspected bronchiectasis on a lung x-ray proved to be false, being caused by the projection of a ponytail tied with a rubber band.

A dangerous parent

MUDr.Kristýna Juráková

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):417-418

Injuries are encountered by paediatricians on a daily basis, so one could say they belong to childhood. Fortunately, a lot of them are only minor and soon forgotten by the child as well as the physician. However, there are also ones that leave a trace for a lifetime; as long as it is a trace in the memory only, it is the better option. Three injuries that will certainly be remembered at our department for a long time are presented in this article.

For nurses

The use of soother from a lactation consultant point of view

Mgr.Romana Křivohlavá

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):423-426

The primary role of a lactation consultant is to help mothers with breasfeeding, recommending the best strategies for nursing and solving any related problems that may arise in the duration of breastfeeding. The main aim of this article is to highlight the negative influence of soothers (dummies) on breastfeeding, resulting in a reduction in the total duration of breastfeeding; the increased risk of otitis and increased incidence of malocclusion in children.

Clinicoradiological diagnosis

Segmental back pain as a consequence of a rare spinal schwannoma

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Daniela Potyszová, doc.MUDr.David Krahulík, Ph.D., MUDr.Jaroslav Michálek, MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(6):420-422

We present a rare case of a spinal schwannoma of a lumbo-sacral tract in an adolescent. A 16-year-old boy presented with segmental back pain and decreased sensation in the L4 dermatome predominately at the right side. Progressive weakness of lower extremities. It was noted for two months before surgery. Spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well – demarcated isointense intraspinal mass. Intraoperatively, the tumorous tissue was brittle, vascularized, attached to filum terminale and completely removed. Spinal schwannoma was histologically confirmed.