Kolego, kde to žijete, aneb Taková obyčejná služba

MUDr. Luděk Ryba

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):199  

Autism spectrum disorders - part 2

doc.MUDr.Iva Dudová, Ph.D., Mgr.Markéta Mohaplová

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):204-207 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.047  

Part 2 of the review article on autism spectrum disorders summarizes the diagnostic strategies and diagnostic tools available in the Czech Republic. The crucial role of the paediatrician in identifying early symptoms and providing initial diagnosis is discussed. Psychological diagnosis as an important component of a comprehensive examination process is also included. Basic information is provided on the course and prognosis as well as the strategy of pharmacotherapy in autism spectrum disorders. Finally, recommendations are presented, particularly for the general paediatrician, on how to proceed during preventive check-ups or when autism...

Inflammation of the external genitalia in children: balanitis, epididymitis, orchitis

MUDr.Oldřich Šmakal, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):208-210  

Diagnosing and treating balanitis is straightforward. Most balanitides resolve following antiseptic penile baths and local administration of an antibiotic ointment; the need for systemic antibiotics is rare. An inflammatory condition of the epididymis or testis has to be distinguished from other common causes of the acute scrotum: torsion of testicular and epididymal appendages or torsion of the spermatic cord. Antibiotic treatment of epididymitis is indicated in patients with pyuria, those with an established developmental defect of the urinary tract, and in adolescents. Voiding cystourethrography should only be performed when a developmental...

Auxological parameters or how to measure and weight the children properly

RNDr.Daniela Zemková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):211-213 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.049  

Measuring and weighing are simple methods to obtain basic knowledge about patient´s growth and nutritional status. Due to their simplicity, they are sometimes undervalued. However, auxological data, properly followed-up and evaluated, can draw attention to health hazard and complication at time. The author summarises instructions for measuring and evaluation of auxological data at the preventive examinations of children and youth. Availability of current representative reference data is emphasized.

Scabies for paediatrician

MUDr.Jana Zímová, Mgr.et Mgr.Pavlína Zímová

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):214-219 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.050  

Scabies is epidemic ectoparasitosis caused by human parasite Sarcoptes scabiei, var. hominis. The reservoir of a contagion is the man. The transmission of the disease is caused by direct or indirect contact. The incubation period ranges from two to three weeks. The disease is characterised by an intensive night pruritus. In childhood age we can find this disease very frequently. Diagnostics is based on positive night pruritus, clinical picture and demonstration of Sarcoptes scabiei in skin of ill person. The method of the first alternative at children there is permethrin and sulphur. Scabies is subordinated to the obligatory epidemiologic announcement....

Pain relief options during the intramuscular benzathine penicillin G administration

PharmDr.Kateřina Ládová, Ph.D., PharmDr.Petra Thomson, PharmDr.Milada Halačová, Ph.D., MUDr.Petr Jirák

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):220-223 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.051  

Administration of the intramuscular injection of benzathine benzylpenicillin (benzathine PNC G) is associated with pain or discomfort, which could lead to non‑adherence to the therapy. This risk may be even greater in children and adolescents, therefore, it is desirable to minimize the pain, especially when medications containing benzathine PNC G alongside with other ingredients relieving pain are not registered and commercially unavailable. This paper reviews evidence of published literature, describing two alternatives which could be also employed in paediatric practice to alleviate the pain. Firstly, the procedure of mixing two available...

Familial hypercholesterolemia in children

MUDr.Lenka Dostalová Kopečná, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):224-227 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.052  

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a serious genetic condition increasing significantly cardiovascular risk. Early diagnosis and intensive treatment may revert the premature atherothrombotic vascular complication risk. The treatment of FH is based on therapeutic lifestyle changes and necessarily also on pharmacotherapy.

Maintenance therapy of acne

MUDr.Zuzana Nevoralová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):230-236  

Acne is a polymorphic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous glands. Manifestation of acne mostly repeats for years, that is why it is considered a chronic disease. These days’strategy of its treatment includes an active phase followed by a maintenance one. Maintenance therapy is defined as a regular use of appropriate therapeutic agents to ensure that acne remains in remission. Maintenance therapy is, simply speaking, treatment of the microcomedo. The mainstay of therapy represents topical agents with a comedolytic activity, especially retinoids. As an alternative azelaic acid can be used. Benzoyl peroxide is suitable in combination with...

Eating disorders

PhDr.František Krch, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):238-239 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.054  

Patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia or binge eating represent a very large and intrinsically differentiated group with distinct comorbidity as well as dynamics of developing the problem. In this context, a certain conclusion with limited validity can be easily made and generalized. Dealing with eating disorders thus requires respect to both the nature of the problem that involves the impairment of a basic human need, and the individual, age, and social characteristics of the patient. The article aims at presenting eating disorders as a comprehensible problem, highlighting the important implications in developing it, and outlining the treatment...

Cardiac function in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome and microalbuminuria

MUDr.Jana Stejskalová, MUDr.Helena Strmeňová, RNDr.Jana Doležílková, RNDr.Andrea Holečková, MUDr.Radoslava Tomanová, MUDr.Pavel Vantuch

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):248-250 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.057  

Regional lymfadenitis is a frequent clinical problem in pediatrics. The differential diagnosis is mostly extensive and difficult because etiology does not always have to be of benign nature. Caution is nessesary in these cases. Cat-Scratch disease (or the Bartonellosis) is a rare cause of lymfadenopathy, but it is important not to neglect it in case of a subacut disease. As the name itself suggests, this infection is transmitted by cat scratches or bites. Lymfadenopathy is usually localized in some area of the body, however, the course of the disease can be protracted and the nodules can change suppuratively. The following case report demonstrates...

Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in adolescent

MUDr.Kateřina Navrátilová, MUDr.Kamila Michálková, MUDr.Josef Chudáček, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.František Kopřiva, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):252-255 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.058  

This case report describes the 14 year old adolescent, who was diagnosed with Marfan syndrome at the age of 12 years. This patient was admitted to our hospital with present complains of breathlessness, cough, chest pain and vertigo. The subsequent investigations led to the diagnosis of an unilateral spontaneous pneumothorax on the right, which was resolved through an active drainage. The patient was readmitted three days later with a new ipsilateral pneumothorax, a computerised tomography has shown subpleural bullae in the right lung. According to the decision of pneumologist surgical resection of identified bullae and pleurodesis were performed,...

Unusual perinatal infection - campylobacter enteritis

MUDr.Eva Branšovská, MUDr.Magdalena Čadová, prof.MUDr.Josef Sýkora, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Jiří Dort, Ph.D., MUDr.Tamara Bergerová, Ing.Helena Šebestová

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):256-258 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.059  

The perinatal transfer of Campylobacter has only rarely been recognized as Campylobacter is one of the most common pathogens causing bacterial enteritis in children. This infection is usually considered to be zoonosis. The present study also provided confirmatory evidence of less common ways of Campylobacter transmission in neonates.

Eight years of experience with full neonatal hearing screening in Pardubice

Mgr.Jana Škvrňáková, Ph.D., Mgr.Renáta Burešová, Mgr.Eva Hlaváčková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):263-266 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.061  

The purpose of hearing screening and rescreening in newborns is to detect any hearing defects, and if necessary, to initiate timely correction of hearing. The authors present the methodology of screening examinations in Pardubice hospital and the number of examined newborns in eight years. A total of 12,633 newborns were examined, 25 of whom were diagnosed with moderate to severe hearing impairment. In a selected group of 500 neonates was a statistically significant relationship between clinical status and frequency of absent TEOAE in physiological and at-risk infants.

Bicycle handlebar injuries of pancreas in children

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Tomáš Malý, Ph.D., MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):260-262 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.060  

Handlebar injuries are one of the most common causes of abdominal injuries in children. Early diagnosis and optimal care without delay may help to reduce the morbidity of injuries to the internal organs. Children with abdominal handlebar injuries should be treated with great care. We describe a young girl presented after a bicycle accident having received a sharp blow from her handlebars to just below her left costal margin. She was admitted for observation and for her primary investigation. After becoming peritonitic, her pancreatic amylase and lipase increased to 3,57 μkat/l and 16,37. Axial CT scan showed transection of the pancreas....

Factors severity of burn injury in childhood

MUDr.Robert Zajíček, Ph.D., MUDr.Ivana Grosová, MUDr.Hubert Šuca

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):240-243 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.055  

Ensuring adequate pre-hospital care in the pediatric burn patient is dependent on the weighting of six fundamental prognostic factors: the mechanism of injury, the percentage of burned surface area, age, location, burn depth, and data from the patient's history. From the etiologic point of view, thermal injury is divided into scald burns, flame burns, chemical burns, and burns due to electrical injury. The percentage of burned area is assessed according to clinically defined tables or by using the palmar rule. Furthermore, the depth of injury is divided into 3 basic degrees and the most serious sites of injury are the hands, face, neck and...

Considerations on the issue of regular vaccination of premature infants in Czech Republic

doc.MUDr.Petr Zoban, CSc., doc.MUDr.Jiří Dort, Ph.D., MUDr.Veronika Horáková, MUDr.Jitka Škovránková

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(4):244-247  

The authors present a review article on current information in the specialized literature on immunocompetence of premature infants and possible adverse effects of vaccination in the group of premature infants. They recommend a differentiated approach to initiation of vaccination in premature infants according to the degree of prematurity and current bodily condition. Added as a supplement to the article is an opinion of the Czech Neonatology Society and the Czech Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology on regular vaccination in premature infants. Based on the data gathered and clinical experience, the authors have found no reason to...