Chronic kidney disease in children

MUDr. Jakub Zieg, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Sylva Skálová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(6): 340-343 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.065  

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children represents a significant health burden. The most common etiology in children includescongenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract, followed by chronic glomerulonephritis and cystic kidney disease. A correctearly diagnosis and adequate management are the main tasks for a treating physician. This review summarises the current viewon CKD in children.

Measles – current epidemiological situation and clinical experiences

MUDr. Zdenka Manďáková, MUDr. Irena Martinková, MUDr. Lenka Petroušová, Ph.D., MUDr. Pavla Lexová, MUDr. Radomíra Limberková, MUDr. Jana Košťálová, MUDr. Jan Kynčl, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(6): 344-347  

Measles are one of the most severe viral diseases of childhood. Severe course of illness can be seen also in susceptible adults. Measlesare vaccine-preventable, but decreasing vaccine coverage due to postponing or refusal of vaccination starts to be a problem.There is an increasing number of measles throughout the European region this year. The epidemic was also in the Czech Republicduring the first half of the year 2017.

Hormonal contraception used by adolescents and the risk of tromboembolic disease – topical look – part 2

MUDr. Miroslav Havlín

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(6): 348-351 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.067  

This article deals in detail with pathogenesis of thromboembolic disease and analyzes the major risk factors for its occurrence.It discusses the relationship between thrombophilic mutations to hormonal treatment and presents prescribing recommendationsfor risk groups of women. This text mainly underlines that the emergence of thromboembolism is multifactorial.

Psychotropic drugs in pregnancy – do they reduce or increase the risks for the fetus?
Part two: mood stabilizers, anxiolytics

MUDr. Antonín Šebela, MUDr. Eliška Nosková, MUDr. Michal Goetz, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Pavel Mohr, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(6): 352-355 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.068  

There is an increasing number of women, who plan to become or already are pregnant, and concurrently use psychotropic drugs formental illness. Most of psychotropic drugs pass through the placenta to developing fetus and thus may affect the embryogenesis. Onthe other hand, untreated psychiatric disorder represents a risk factor of adverse pregnancy outcome and poor neonatal adaptation ofan exposed newborn, as well. We review current published data on the impact of prenatal exposure to untreated bipolar disorder andanxiety disorders, and effects of mood stabilizers and anxiolytics on the fetus development, pregnancy outcome, and neonatal adaptation.Available...

Parasitic infections in children in the Czech Republic

RNDr. Jana Doležílková

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(6): 356-358 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.069  

As we know from laboratory experiences the appearence of parasite diseases generally decreases in the population. Childrenmainly have only enterobiasis, pediculosis and less frequent are scabies and toxoplasmosis. Other parasite diseases are rare. Whenwe have suspect of the parasite diseases the complete anamnesis is needed as well as the right choice of examination and takingof samples according to laboratory recommendations.

Local therapy of psoriasis

MUDr. Naděžda Vojáčková

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(6): 360-363  

Psoriasis has traditionally been viewed as a primary skin condition that is treated with local agents. In light of new knowledgeon the aetiopathogenesis, psoriasis is considered to be a multifactorial disease with a number of comorbidities; therefore, theestablished patterns are gradually changing, with systemic therapy being chosen more frequently and earlier. Still, local therapycontinues to be predominant in mild and moderate forms and, in moderate and severe forms, it is an adjunct to phototherapyand systemic therapy. Traditional external medications, such as tar and cignolin, are being replaced by modern agents such asvitamin D derivatives, immunomodulators,...

Some lumps are different than others

MUDr. Kristýna Melichárková, MUDr. Marie Ulrichová, MUDr. Viera Bajčiová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(6): 364-366 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.071  

Soft tissue tumors in children are mostly benign, but there are several serious diseases, that require comprehensive examinationand treatment. The authors present 3 case reports of children with soft tissue tumors, in which the new diagnostic methods at thelevel of DNA and RNA were fundamental. In the first patient, this method led to an unexpected diagnosis of fibrodysplasia ossificansprogressiva (FOP), and in the other two patients with familiar infantile myofibromatosis, it resulted in appropriate treatment.

Malignant hyperthermia

MUDr. Jana Vojtíšková

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(6): 368-372 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.072  

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare but very dangerous and potentionally fatal complication of general anesthesia. It occurson the basis of an autosomal dominant condition following contact with the trigger. The triggers are volatile anesthetics andsuccinylcholine. The cause of MH is the disorder of calcium metabolism regulation in the muscle cell caused by the abnormalryanodin receptor RYR1. As a result, extreme muscle contraction without relaxation leads to a huge hypermetabolic reaction.Diagnosis of MH disposition can be confirmed by a muscle contraction test in vitro, molecular genetic examination respectively.„Suspicious“ individuals...

Nursing education in pediatrics

Mgr. Pavla Kordulová

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(6): 383-386 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.076  

Doctors and nurses working in the field of pediatrics are faced with great demands from the point of view of theoretical knowledge,practical skills, but above all in the field of human qualities. Firstly, in hospital facilities, primary care facilities for childrenand adolescents, children‘s institutions, health care institutions, infant institutions, children‘s homes and social care institutions.On the one hand, the advances in medical science, the possibilities of new technologies are visible, and on the other hand, theseaspects have to be supported by teams of well-prepared non-medical staff. Preparing those who care for patients never...

Large juvenile colonic polyp presenting as colocolic intussusception in a child

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Tomáš Malý, Ph.D., MUDr. Jana Janková, MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(6): 379-382 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.075  

Colocolonic intussusception (CCI) is an uncommon cause of intestinal obstruction in children. The most common type is idiopathicileocolic intussusception. However, pathologic lead points occur approximately in 5% of cases. In pediatric patients, Meckel’s diverticulumis the most common lead point, followed by polyps and duplication. Hydrostatic reduction and endoscopic polypectomyare minimally invasive and technically feasible for treating smaller CCI.We present a case of colocolonic intussusception which caused colonic obstruction in a 5-year-old boy. Abdominal ultrasonographyshowed an acute colocolic intussusception with a large colonic polyp,...

Respiratory tract infections in children

prof. MUDr. Ivo Šlapák, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(6): 375-378  

Respiratory tract infections in children account for nearly half of all diseases in this age group. One of the general conditions typicallyaffecting the airways is influenza. It is a respiratory viral infection that occurs epidemically every year in the winter season. Theclinical presentation begins with a sudden high fever, feeling extremely unwell, sweating, muscle and joint ache, headache, particularlybehind the eyes, followed by irritating, dry or even painful cough. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended as a way ofprevention. When considering particular parts of the airways, the most common inflammatory conditions are those affecting thenose...

Juvenilní dermatomyositida – příznaky zaměnitelné nebo přehlédnutelné

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr. Petr Jabandžiev, Ph.D., MUDr. Erik Nedorost,, MUDr. Marcel Schüller, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(6): 373-374 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.073