Nepoučitelní rodiče?

PhDr. Václav Mertin

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):87  

Sleep disorders in pediatric practice, part 2 - parasomnias, sleep disordered breathing, narcolepsy

doc. MUDr. Iva Příhodová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):93-96 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2022.018  

The second part of the manuscript on pediatric sleep medicine deals with the most frequent parasomnias, sleep disordered breathing and narcolepsy. Parasomnias (somnambulism, sleep terrors, sleep enuresis) have tendency to disappear with age. While nocturnal enuresis represents mostly social problem, somnambulism is connected with increased risk of injury. Obstructive sleep apnea is a type of sleep disordered breathing prevailing in preschool age. Apart from negative influence on cognitive functions and behavior it has an impact on cardiovascular system and metabolic parameters. A significant risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea is obesity. Narcolepsy...

The most common motor stereotypes in childhood

MUDr. Lydie Koumarová

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):97-99  

Motor stereotypes (MS) are classified as hyperkinetic movement disorders. They are manifested by repetitive, rhythmic, seemingly free movements with a typical beginning in early childhood. They are divided into two groups, primary and physiological, which we observe in children with normal development and secondary associated with various disorders of nervous development, such as autism, mental retardation, but also rare genetic syndromes (eg Rettuv sy in girls) Comorbidity with tic disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is common. Provoking factors are typically stress, agitation, but also boredom...

Maskne

MUDr. Zuzana Nevoralová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):100-103  

Maskne is defined as acne, which newly emerged or worsened in connection with a usage of face protection equipment (FPE). It is a form of mechanic acne developed as a result of permanent contact and friction between textiles and skin. A prolonged usage of FPE causes in addition a hot and humid microclimate on a skin surface, which modifies a sebum production and subsequently a microbial balance is impaired. Maskne is situated on an area covered by FPE or in an "O" zone, more often on a chin than on cheeks. Most often mild forms of acne are present with papules, comedones and seborrhoea. More severe forms (big papules, nodules) are caused by worsening...

Helpful advice from the field of medical assessment service for the general paediatrician

MUDr. Jiří Havránek

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):104-107 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2022.021  

The aim of this article is to provide the best possible guidance for the general paediatrician on how to proceed when processing parents' claims for social benefits. By reading and understanding all the basic principles which a health assessment doctor must follow in accordance with methodological guidelines, the general paediatrician should become a well-informed advisor who, on the one hand, will be able to explain and justify the constraints a health assessment doctor faces, but on the other hand, will obtain enough information in order to be of real assistance in case the parents had no idea that they could be eligible for social benefits related...

Photoprotection of sunburnt skin in children

doc. MUDr. Karel Ettler, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):108-111  

Ultraviolet radiation contained in the solar spectrum can damage children's skin by acute burns, but it can also trigger changes leading to adulthood skin cancer. The amount of sun exposure depends on the intensity and duration of the exposure, the time of day and season, the geographical location and altitude, the mode of activity, as well as the age and phototype of the child. UV protection consists of staying in the shade, wearing photoprotective clothes and applying sunscreens to unprotected skin. Sun-damaged skin should be treated as a burn with prevention further sun exposure.

Celiac disease in childhood - what symptoms to be aware of, how to diagnose and treat it

MUDr. Miloš Geryk, MUDr. Eva Karásková, Ph.D., MUDr. Mária Velgáňová-Véghová

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):112-114  

Celiac disease is an immune-related intestinal disease that develops in genetically predisposed people after repeated ingestion of gliadin (part of gluten). In Europe, about 1% of the population is affected by this disease. The most common symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhoea and growth failure. According to the new recommendations, the diagnosis of celiac disease can be made only on the basis of the results of serological tests. Nevertheless, some children still have to undergo upper endoscopy with a small bowel biopsy. The therapy for celiac disease is a gluten-free diet, which excludes products containing wheat, barley, rye or oats. Celiac disease...

Measles - current epidemiological situation in the Czech Republic and possibilities of prevention

MUDr. Monika Liptáková, MUDr. Zdenka Manďáková, Mgr. Simona Repelová, MUDr. Radomíra Limberková, MUDr. Jan Kynčl, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):115-119  

Measles are one of the most severe viral diseases of childhood. Severe course of illness can be seen also in susceptible adults. Measles are vaccine-preventable, but decreasing vaccine coverage due to postponing or refusal of vaccination starts to be a problem. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were almost zero measles cases reported in the Czech Republic, however, it is expected that a measles reoccurrence will appear once COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions are lifted. Targeted antiviral therapy is not available, so vaccination is the only preventable measure for measles.

Manifestations of pathological changes in teeth and orofacial region in celiac disease

d.h.c. prof. MUDr. Andrej Jenča, CSc., MUDr. Janka Jenčová, PhD., doc. MUDr. Milan Kuchta, CSc., MUDr. Adriána Petrášová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):120-123  

Celiac disease is a lifelong intolerance to gluten which is found in basic cereals as well as in a number of commonly consumed foods. Celiac disease is a condition which is increasingly manifested in a subclinical or oligosymptomatic form or by atypical symptoms. In patients with celiac disease, tooth enamel problems are relatively common, particularly affecting the permanent dentition. They often present with discoloration - off-white, yellow, or with brown spots on the teeth, defective enamel formation, small depressions, or cascading appearance. These defects are symmetrical and most commonly occur in the incisors and molars. Material and method:...

A case report of Noonan´s syndrome with pulmonary valvar stenosis

MUDr. Alžběta Palátová, doc. MUDr. Eva Klásková, Ph.D., MUDr. Sabina Kaprálová

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):124-126 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2022.026  

Noonan syndrome is a genetic disorder characterised by short stature, typical facial dysmorphology and congenital heart defects. It is clasified in the group of diseases called RASopathies. A case of infant with pulmonary stenosis suffering from failure to thrive is discussed. It was found out that Noonan syndrome was the cause. Current knowledge of etiology, diagnostics and prevalence of Noonan syndrom in children with pulmonary stenosis is discussed.

Who takes care of that belly?

MUDr. Hana Smítková

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):127-129  

The case report of a 9-year-old girl who was hospitalized at the pediatric clinic for an abdominal pain. Less common and difficult-to-determine reason of her illness pointing out the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis assessment.

Wireless technologies for children with hearing loss from early childhood to pre-school age (parents experience)

Mgr. Bc. Kristýna Gábová, Ing. Mgr. Zdeněk Meier, Ph.D., prof. Ing. Mgr. et Mgr. Peter Tavel, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):130-133 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2022.028  

The article discusses wireless technologies for children with hearing aids or cochlear implants to improve spoken language understanding in acoustically challenging environments. It focuses on early childhood and preschool age, when these technologies are still rarely used despite their benefit. The aim of this study is to explore parents' experiences and to bring these to the attention of Czech paediatricians and other professionals caring for children with hearing loss. Nine semi-structured interviews with parents of children under the age of six with experience of wireless technologies were selected from a wider survey with 42 parents of children...

Psycho-social dimension of quality of life of an adolescent with chronic disease type 1 diabetes mellitus

PhDr. Iveta Ondriová, PhD., PhDr. Terézia Fertaľová, PhD., PhDr. Jana Cinová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):134-136 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2022.029  

Diabetes mellitus T1DM is a disease that has an increasing prevalence worldwide not only in the adult population but also in children. The problem is not only the treatment of the disease itself, but also its psychosocial consequences. Every chronic illness represents a significant intervention not only in the patient's quality of life, but in his entire family. The aim of the case study is to describe, analyze and interpret the case (adolescent with T1DM) with a focus on its psycho-social dimension of quality of life.

Factors affecting the nurses´ work in paediatrics - A review of qualitative studies

Mgr. Daniela Bartoníčková, Mgr. Dominika Kalánková, Ph.D., Bc. Romana Bečvářová, Mgr. Lenka Mazalová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):145-147 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2022.033  

Pediatric nurses have an important and irreplaceable role in caring for a healthy and sick child. This role is influenced by a relatively wide range of factors that fundamentally determine the quality of care provided and the safety of pediatric patients. One of the crucial influences on the work of nurses is their work environment. A prerequisite for quality and safe pediatric care is that nurses know these factors and can use them to benefit the child. Therefore, this paper focuses on identifying and describing factors affecting the environment as they are characterized in the available resources.

Infectious mononucleosis is most common in adolescents and young adults

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Kamila Michalková

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):137-140 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2022.030  

We present a case report of a 16-year-old student with infectious mononucleosis, in whom splenomegaly was confirmed up to 4 weeks after the onset of infection using abdominal ultrasound. Infectious mononucleosis is an acute viral disease associated with a high incidence of splenomegaly, although the incidence of splenic rupture is low. We are discussing current recommendations for outpatient monitoring of splenomegaly associated with infectious mononucleosis.

Infectious issues at a paediatric UA point

MUDr. Lukáš Homola, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):152-155 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2022.035  

The present review provides basic information on infectious diseases that can be encountered in the treatment of children from Ukraine arriving in the Czech Republic due to the ongoing conflict. The most frequent ones include common respiratory and GIT infections, impetigo, and gingivostomatitis. Also mentioned are less likely diseases that are more prevalent in Ukraine or those for which vaccination rates in the Ukrainian population are low (hepatitis, HIV, TB, measles, polio, diphtheria, typhoid fever, rabies, or tetanus).

Influence of caesarean section on intestinal microbiota newborn from the perspective of a neonatologist

MUDr. Jana Nikolinyová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):156-162 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2022.036  

SC Sectio Caesarea (SC) is one of the oldest surgical interventions, the roots of which go deep into human history. In the last decades, the worrying increase in the number of caesareans, as well as the adverse effects of SC on lifelong health have resonated more and more in professional circles. According to the WHO, at present every fifth birth is terminated by the SC. What is most worrying is the finding, that the number of elective cesarean sections at the request of the mother is rising worldwide, despite the negative medical indication (1). The neonatal period begins with childbirth and ends with the newborn's adaptation to the newly changed...

Infraorbitální vráska a Hertoghovo znamení

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr. Jana Kopuletá, MUDr. Jana Drochytková

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):141-142 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2022.031  

Eozinofilní celulitida - Wellsův syndrom

MUDr. Alice Reková, MUDr. Blanka Pinková, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):143-144 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2022.032  

Care for children with physical disabilities in the First Czechoslovak Republic

prof. PhDr. Valérie Tóthová, Ph.D., doc. Mgr. et Mgr. Andrej Tóth, Ph.D., doc. PhDr. Lukáš Novotný, Ph.D., PhDr. Martin Červený, Mgr. Věra Hellerová, Ph.D., Mgr. Inka Kratochvílová, Ing. Jan Hladík

Pediatr. praxi. 2022;23(2):148-150 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2022.034  

At the establishment of the First Czechoslovak Republic (1918-1938), the fields of health care, social care, and education for physi­cally disabled children were in their infancy. These fields had received only marginal attention in the previous Austria-Hungary. This paper aims to acquaint the reader with the development of health and social care and the provision of education to physically disabled children during the First Czechoslovak Republic, which, at that time, was far from routine. The health and social care of disabled children, as well as their education, during the First Czechoslovak Republic, were analyzed using primary and secondary historical...