Pediatrics for Practice, 2023, issue 3

Editorial

Krize dětské psychiatrie

MUDr. Jan Uhlíř

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):147

Review articles

Drowning - basic procedures and ways of prevention

MUDr. Jakub Jonáš, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):151-154 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.046

Drowning is among preventable injuries, having a major impact on morbidity as well as mortality. Fatal drowning results in an individual's death; non-fatal drowning may result in severe neurological impairment. Its degree depends on multiple factors, but is particularly dependent on the oxygen supply to the body. In terms of quality of life, it is thus crucial to initiate properly performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation as early as possible in order to restore adequate oxygen supply.

Heatstroke and heat exhaustion in childhood

MUDr. Sandra Gruberová, MUDr. Beáta Krejčířová, doc. MUDr. Petr Jabandžiev, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):155-157 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.047

Body overheating in children can rapidly lead to a life threatening situation. Children are more susceptible to external temperature changes as their thermoregulation mechanisms are not yet perfectly developed. In extreme cases overheating can lead to a child's death. A lot of these cases are caused by leaving or forgetting a child in a locked car during hot summer days. The temperature inside the car can rise over 70 degrees centigrade and in under an hour the child can go into a severe shock. It is also necessary to make appropriate precautions such as sufficient hydration or sun protection during summer sport activities. In this article we aim to...

Autoimmune liver disease in childhood

MUDr. Lucie Gonsorčíková, Ph.D., MUDr. David Bauer, doc. MUDr. Eva Sticová, Ph.D., MUDr. Radim Vyhnánek

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):158-162 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.048

Autoimmune liver disease in children can be classified as: autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC) and de novo AIH after liver transplantation (plasma cell rich rejection). When left untreated, these disorders are progressive in nature and can result in cirrhosis and terminal liver failure. They are characterised by presence of circulating autoantibodies, high levels of IgG class imunoglobulins and inflammatory changes on liver histology. There are two main subtypes of AIH depending on the type of specific autoantibodies detected: type 1 and type 2. AIH has a very wide spectrum of symptoms ranging from being asymptomatic...

Sun and children´s skin

doc. MUDr. Karel Ettler, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):164-168 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.049

Sunlight, and especially its ultraviolet part, can damage children's skin with acute burns, and chronically in adults with photoaging and/or skin cancer. The intensity and duration of exposure are important, but also the characteristics (phototype) of the irradiated skin. Natural photoprotection can be strengthened by behavior modification, appropriate clothing and sunscreens. After solar damage, it is necessary to treat the skin and definitely not to continue sunbathing.

Immunodysregulatory aspects of children with Down syndrome

MUDr. Peter Kunč, PhD., MUDr. Jaroslav Fábry, PhD., MUDr. Peter Ferenc, PhD., MUDr. Tomáš Strachan, PhD., MUDr. Michaela Matiščáková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):169-174 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.050

Unlike other rare genetic disorders, a paediatrician often encounters many cases of children with Down syndrome during clinical practice. This syndrome is characterised by the complexity of characteristic functional and structural manifestations in every organ system. The immune system of children with this syndrome is characterised by various functionally limiting disturbances related to the regulation of immune mechanisms that maintain the integrity of the organism against endogenous and exogenous factors. This results not only in an increased susceptibility to recurrent and severe respiratory infections, but also in a predisposition to selected...

Case report

Prader-Willi syndrome: a case report

MUDr. Olga Magnová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):175-178 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.051

Prader-Willi syndrome is a dangerous genetic multisystem disorder. It's typical symptoms include facial dysmorphia, muscle weakness, growth and eating disorders (failure-to-thrive followed by polyphagia and obesity). We are presenting three case histories of children with Prader-Willi syndrome. Two of them have been diagnosed after the second year of life, with differing impact on their health. Early diagnosis in the third case history didn't eliminate development of extreme obesity leading to serious morbidity. The aim of the article is to bring attention to importance of early diagnosis and initiation of complex treatment of this condition, including...

Differential diagnosis of arthralgia and arthritis - how general practitioners might contribute - case reports and summary for clinical practice

doc. MUDr. Kateřina Bouchalová, Ph.D., MUDr. Hana Flögelová, Ph.D., MUDr. Zuzana Pytelová, MUDr. Lucie Sulovská, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Jan Mareš, Ph.D., MUDr. Jakub Čivrný

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):179-185 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.052

An article is focused on differential diagnosis of arthralgias and arthritides with stress on infectious etiology. We review basic attitudes in diagnostics of pediatric rheumatic diseases and how general practitioners might contribute. Case reports of children with arthritis as a symptom of pediatric rheumatic diseases are described. The arthritis might be the first symptom of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), IgA vasculitis and many other rheumatic diseases, or it develops during the disease course. An early diagnosis is a clue to successful therapy.

Nutcracker syndrome diagnosed in a boy with macroscopic hematuria, a frequently neglected diagnosis

MUDr. Patrik Konopásek, MUDr. Shenali Amaratunga, doc. MUDr. Jakub Zieg, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):187-190 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.053

Nutcracker syndrome must be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of hematuria and orthostatic proteinuria. When these urine abnormalities are seen, clinicians should never forget about nutcracker syndrome as a possible diagnosis, especially in the case of left flank pain or varicocele. Doppler ultrasound performed by an experienced radiologist is the first line diagnostic approach. Establishing the diagnosis may save patients from invasive procedures like kidney biopsy or cystoscopy. Conservative management is the preferred approach, surgery should be indicated only in severe cases. We present a case of a boy with intermittent macroscopic...

Subglottic cyst as cause of the dyspnea in infants

MUDr. Monika Debnárová, MUDr. Veronika Mohylová, doc. MUDr. Karol Zeleník, Ph.D., MBA, doc. MUDr. Jan Pavlíček, Ph.D., MUDr. Ondřej Jor, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Pavel Komínek, Ph.D., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):191-193 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.054

Subglottic cyst is a rare disease of the larynx, which occurs to newborns or infants. The typical symptom is stridor. Diagnosis depends on anamnesis and flexibile endoscopy, in a case of uncertainity the tracheobronchoscopy in general anesthesia is indicated. The main therapeutical modality is surgical excision. Regular check-up sis neccesery, because of often reccurency of the disease. Aim of this case report is to point out this rare disease and to add it to differential diagnosis of stridor in children.

CranioFacial Synostosis - Crouzon syndrome

MUDr. Miriam El Husseini

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):194-196 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.055

Crouzon syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease due to mutation of genes encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Premature closure of the cranial sutures causes a number of complications in growing children, such as increased intracranial pressure due to reduced intracranial space and growing brain tissue, epilepsy, hearing impairment, and optic nerve atrophy. The management of patients with Crouzon syndrome requires a multidisciplinary approach at specialized centers. Treatment is mainly surgical (remodulation of the skull) with very good prognosis.

For nurses

Support of breastfeeding a premature newborn

Mgr. Jana Kučová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):200-204 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.057

Achieving full breastfeeding of a premature newborn is a challenge for health professionals as well as for mothers who have given birth prematurely. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to maintain the mother's lactation, often for several weeks, before the first attempts at breastfeeding are initiated. Until the baby is able to coordinate sucking, breathing, and swallowing, it is possible to implement many interventions in the care of the premature new-born that can facilitate subsequent breastfeeding. It is mainly the skin-to-skin contact, oral motor interventions, and alternative feeding methods. Support for a woman's emotional stability and support...

Clinicoradiological diagnosis

Congenital dermal melanocytosis in a vietnamese neonate with lymphangioma

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Veronika Moškořová, MUDr. Markéta Kalivodová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):197-199 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.056

Congenital dermal melanocytosis (Mongolian spots) are congenital birthmarks that most commonly occur in the lumbosacral region. They are grey-blue to blue-green in colour and oval or irregular in shape. They are most commonly found in individuals of Asian or African ethnicity. These lesions resolve within one to two years of age. Although traditionally believed to be harmless in nature, they have been shown to occur in some lysosomal storage diseases. We present a Vietnamese neonate with congenital dermal melanocytosis, which we observed at diagnosis of a cystic mass of the left arm.

Information

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI)

MUDr. Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):217-218

The most common hepatotoxic drugs in children are antibiotics and antiepileptics. DILI is presents mostly with 2 patterns of injury: hepatocellular or cholestatic. Diagnosis can be done with help of the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM). The mainstay of treatment is prompt withdrawal of the suspect drug.