Pediatrics for Practice, 2008, issue 1

Editorial

Proč se vůbec zabývat etikou?

MUDr. Mgr. Jan Payne Ph.D

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(1):3

Review articles

Pain in infants and children, some aspects of its assessment and treatment

MUDr. Jana Kalousová, MUDr. Blanka Rousková, MUDr. Daniela Pachmannová, MUDr. Jitka Stýblová

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(1):7-11

Authors present an overview of age related difference in perception and symptoms of pain in childhood, methods of assessing pain as well as principles of both pharmacologic and non pharmacologic treatment of pain pediatric patients.

Kawasaki syndrome

MUDr. Petr Jehlička, MUDr. Václav Lád, doc. MUDr. Dalibor Sedláček CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(1):12-14

The authors present a review-article on current views at mucocutaneous – lymphonodal (Kawasaki) syndrome, usually accompanied with accute vasculitis, first of all affecting coronary arteries. The etiology of this disease is not sufficiently explained till this time, infectious or immune-mediated contribution is discussed. The pediatrician can be confronted with Kawasaki syndrome and its differential diagnostics and therapeutic approach in the routine practice.

The lice in pediatric practice

RNDr. Václav Rupeš CSc, MUDr. Jana Vlčková

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(1):15-18

The lice infection (Pediculus capitis) in children is a parasitic disease described as pediculosis. Its prevalence significantly increases in all developed countries in the world including the Czech Republic. Resistance to treatment is considered to be the primary cause. In the Czech Republic resistance to permethrine was discovered in 1992 and in 2004 resistance to malathion the most widely used agent in the world was found. Resistance was also the cause of loss of anti-infective efficacy to former Czech agents containing these agents (Orthosan BF 45, Diffusil H a Diffusil H 92 M), that lead to an increase of pediculosis prevalence. Currently delousing...

Hormonal deficits and onCology patient

MUDr. Stanislava Koloušková CSc, RNDr. Daniela Zemková CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(1):19-24

The tumours in childhood are relatively rare, the published incidence in Europe in children under 14 years of age is 14.8 per 100 000 children. In the seventies, the therapeutic efficacy was around 25%, in nineties it reached in average 70%. With improvement of survival of oncology patients a number of complications occur later during life, including hormonal deficits, that develop even dozens of years after successfully accomplished treatment. The key role during their occurrence belongs mainly to radiotherapy (total dose, locations of radiation), to a lesser extent to chemotherapy that influences the gonadal region. In brain tumours the hormonal...

Recurrent respiratory diseases in children

MUDr. Hana Fišerová

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(1):25-31

Respiratory diseases of upper airways belong to frequent diseases in primary pediatric care as well as in some specialists. The treatment is usually symptomatic and patient can cope with the disease without a medical intervention. Generally accepted approaches are summarized in guidelines in diagnoses and therapy of diseases of upper airways. The most recent guidelines could be found in European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2007. A complex view on the area of airways and mainly on their connection with middle ear is necessary. Frequently cooperation with an othorhinolaryngologist is necessary.

Psychosomatic approach in dermatovenereology

doc. MUDr. Růžena Pánková CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(1):32-34

Psychosomatic approach is a component of psychodermatology which accentuates a holistic principle and psychosocial unity of man. Research data concerning the neurogenic modulation of skin inflammations, together the prevalence of psychosocial influences in dermatological patients, motivate an increased interest of dermatovenereologists in psychodermatology and in the interdisciplinary cooperation with clinical psychologists, psychiatrists and other pertinent specialists. The Section of the Psychodermatology of the Czech Dermatovenereological Society was established in 2004, in order to improve dermatovenereological care and the quality of life in dermatological...

Therapy of atopic dermatitis at paediAtrician´s

MUDr. Nina Benáková

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(1):36-40

The author reviews the recent findings of skin barrier disturbances bringing new insight in pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. She presents the modalities of contemporary diagnostics therapy and their principles. For paediatricians she goes to details and explains the counselling, searching for triggering factors, rational prophylaxis, structure of therapeutics, usage and examples of emolients, topical corticosteroids and their safety regimens of use.

Influenza, its’ variety, prophylaxis

MUDr. Martina Havlíčková CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(1):42-44

Influenza viruses are unique among respiratory viruses with regard to their antigenic variability, seasonality and impact to general population. Influenza A, B a C viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae, which characterized by a segmented RNA genome. Clasic influenza presents abruptly symptoms including fever, malaisie, headache and myalgia, going with respiratory symptoms of cough and sore throat. Recovering is often slow, cough and malaise commonly persist for 2 to 4 weeks. Accurate laboratory diagnosis is useful for appropriate management of patient.

Probiotics, prebiotics and atopy

prof. MUDr. Přemysl Frič DrSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(1):46-50

The extreme prevalence of atopic diseases in developed countries is related to altered colonization of the intestines with commensal microbiota as well as to failure of the mucosal immune system to develop into a tolerogenic, non-inflammatory status. Probiotics and prebiotics may be able to improve this aberrant condition. They represent a complimentary therapeutic approach and particularly the unique opportunity of primary prevention in high-risk subjects.

Guillain-Barré syndrome

MUDr. Jiří Havránek, MUDr. Vítězslav Dedek CSc, MUDr. Martin Fajt, MUDr. Pavel Heinige, MUDr. Kornel Brosch

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(1):51-54

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute, progressive and ascending neuropathy characterized by weakness, paresthesias and hyporeflexia. In severe cases, muscle weakness may lead to respiratory failure. GBS is believed to result from an autoimmune response triggered by an antecedent illnes or vaccination. We divide GBS into four subtypes in term of pathophysiology. Diagnosis usually is made on clinical grounds and confirmed by lumbar puncture and liquor analysis. We use another diagnostic possibilities when the course of disease is unclear. Today the therapy of choice is immunotherapy. We administer high doses of intravenous immunoglobulins or we...

Case report

Narkolepsie u adolescentní pacientky

MUDr. Vilém Novák, MUDr. Hana Medřická, MUDr. Jana Slonková

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(1):58-60

For nurses

Úloha sociální komunikace v dětském lékařství

PaedDr. Mgr. Eva Zacharová Ph.D

Pediatr. praxi. 2008;9(1):56-57

Clinicoradiological diagnosis

Polakisurie jako klinický příznak, který se podílel na včasné diagnóze nádoru nadledviny

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál CSc, MUDr. Kamila Michálková, doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Štěrba Ph.D, MUDr. Pavel Mazánek, MUDr. Elena Mikušková, MUDr. Zdeňka Vojtková