Pediatrics for Practice, 2009, issue 3

Editorial

Slovo úvodem

MUDr. Josef Gut

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):139

Review articles

Enuresis nocturna - the problem of every pediatrician’s practice

MUDr. Hana Flögelová, MUDr. Jan Vrána

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):146-150

This article offers general practitioners the summary of the latest information on enuresis nocturna in children. It includes a differential diagnostic analysis of enuresis which allows us to distinguish monosymptomatic enuresis from urinary incontinence, or secondary enuresis. Basic physical, laboratory and imaging examinations are described. The etiology of primary monosymptomatic enuresis is discussed as well as conditioning therapy and treatment options available. The effectiveness and adverse effects of the various methods of treatment are assessed, on the basis of controlled trials. The conditioning therapy and treatment that can be applied...

Chronic abdominal pain of childhood and adolescence

prof. MUDr. Jiří Nevoral CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):151-154

Chronic abdominal pain of childhood and adolescence is one of the most common, yet challenging conditions encountered in clinical practice. Although the differential diagnosis is broad, a comprehensive history and physical examination in combination with routine scree ning laboratory evaluation should lead to an accurate diagnosis. The goal of the therapy is to decrease stress or tension for the child while promoting normal patterns of activity and school attendance. Dietary, pharmacological and psychological therapies are available. Long-term follow-up to assist medically in symptom control as well as provision of reassurance and support may be...

Pompe disease

MUDr. Eva Slouková, MUDr. Hana Ošlejšková Ph.D, MUDr. Stanislav Voháňka, CSc., MBA, MUDr. RNDr. Pavel Ješina, Ph.D

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):156-158

Pompe disease (Glycogenosis Type II) is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder. It is caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzymes and thus storaging of the glycogen in the sceletal muscles and myocard. The main clinical symptome is myopathy. The severity is predicted by a residual activity of acid α-1,4-glucosidase. The incidence is 1:40000. The classification divides this disorder into infantile and late forms. The diagnostic algorythm includes clinical examination and finding of residual activity of the deficient enzyme and the gene mutation. The enzyme replacement therapy which has been available since 2007, can improve the lifequality...

Risks and prevention of osteoporosis in children

prof. MUDr. Hana Hrstková CSc

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):160-162

Osteoporosis in adults poses a significant health problem. Not uncommonly, however, it may originate in early childhood. Risk factors for osteoporosis include a lack of minerals in the diet, particularly of calcium, and vitamin D deficiency. Osteoporosis is among the diseases in which preventive measures are most important and need to be initiated as early as in childhood.

House dust mites and moulds allergies

MUDr. Hana Janíčková

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):163-166

Mites and moulds together with pollens and pets are the principle sources of inhalant allergens. House dust mites make up a largest part of house dust (indoor) allergens, moulds are widespread in both indoor and outdoor enviroments. The knowledge of their occurence, qualities and optimal living conditions may improve the diagnosis and the treatment of allergic diseases caused by these allergens.

Medicinal plants in paediatrics

PharmDr. Miloš Potužák

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):167-168

The article deals with the commonly used as well as new medicinal plants, highlihts the ones suitable for use in children, and mentions possible interactions.

Imunomodulatory effects of probiotics in clinical praxis

MUDr. Alena Kokešová, Ph.D

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):169-174

Probiotics are defined as live cultures of micro-organisms administered orally and acting beneficially on the host health. They influence favourably both development and stability of the microflora, inhibit colonization by pathogens, influence the mucosal barrier by their trophic effect on intestinal epithelium and stimulate both specific and non-specific components of the immune system. Understanding the regulation of mucosal immune responses to commensal microflora and probiotics may by the key to the targeted manipulation with microflora composition and succesful intervention in wide range of diseases in children and adults.

Infectious exanthems of childhood

MUDr. Aneta Kelblerová

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):176-179

The article presents a survey of infectious exanthems of childhood. The exanthems are classified according to their age distribution.

Complication of chickenbox

MUDr. Daniel Dražan

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):180-184

Varicella (chickenpox) belongs to the most frequent infectious diseases worldwide and although its course is in most instances uncomplicated, due to high incidence of the disease, complications are not infrequent and rarely may be lethal. Complications are more frequent in certain risk groups and may be prevented by measures such as active and passive immunization and timely antiviral treatment. Fortunately the disease is most incident in pediatric age category the least threatened by complications.

Case report

Significance of pneumococcal vaccination

MUDr. Jitka Škovránková, MUDr. Veronika Horáková

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):186-190

In children less than two years old, severe infections are frequently caused by pneumococci. Administration of conjugated pneumococcal vaccine leads to protection against invasive pneumococcal diseases and induces sufficient mucosal immunity. In this article, we describe a case of severe pneumococcal illness, which led to neurological sequels.

Heterotopical pancreas, ileocolic intussusception in infancy

MUDr. Michal Huml, doc. MUDr. Josef Sýkora Ph.D, doc. MUDr. Jiří Kobr, Ph.D, MUDr. Kateřina Pizingerová, Ph.D, MUDr. Jindřich Šebor, MUDr. Václav Skála, MUDr. Šárka Hadravská

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):191-192

The authors describe an extraordinary case of ileocolic intussusception with isolated heterotopic pancreas as a leading point.

Bradyarytmia as a cost of anorexia nervosa

MUDr. Dalibor Pastucha, MUDr. Renata Tichá, MUDr. Jana Malinčíková Ph.D, MUDr. Dagmar Horáková Ph.D

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):193-195

The following case report highlights the importance of an examination of the vegetative nervous system (VNS) using spectral analysis of heart rate variability and offers a wider view of the possible mechanisms of a serious and life threatening bradycardia occurring in an active young sportsmen.

For nurses

A child‘s hospital stay from the perspective of an accompanying person

Mgr. Veronika Cabajová, doc. PhDr. Sylva Bártlová, Ph.D

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):196-197

In the early 1990s, the family became a part of the therapeutic and nursing process. In case a child is hospitalized, his or her contacts with the family are no longer necessarily broken; on the contrary, there is a possibility for children and parents (or other carers) to stay in the hospital together. Among other advantages, this system allows the accompanying person to evaluate, from their own point of view, the quality of care provided, the quality of hospital equipment, the approach of medical staff to the child, and the degree of awareness of the child‘s health condition and therapeutic process.

Clinicoradiological diagnosis

Sonographic prenatal diagnosis of intestinal duplication cyst

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál CSc, MUDr. Kamila Michálková, MUDr. Tomáš Malý Ph.D, MUDr. Petr Polák, CSc, doc. MUDr. Martin Procházka, Ph.D, MUDr. Tomáš Tichý, doc. MUDr. Dagmar Pospíšilová Ph.D, MUDr. Zbyněk Novák

Pediatr. praxi. 2009;10(3):198-199

The authors present a case report of a 6 week-old infant with prenatal appearance of intestinal duplication cyst. Diagnosis was postnatal confirmed with sonography and MRI. Resection of the jejunal bowel segment including the duplication cyst was performed. Histological examination of the cyst wall revealed a normal muscular layer with destroyed epithelium.