Differential diagnosis of anaemia in children

MUDr.Petr Smíšek

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):330-333  

Anaemia is among the most frequent diseases worldwide. It is a manifestation of common as well as serious conditions. It can be caused by impaired red blood cell production, increased red blood cell destruction, or their significant loss due to bleeding. Based on erythrocyte size, anaemia is classified into microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic. This division aids in basic orientation as to the possible cause of anaemia and in decision making on further examination procedures. Sideropenic anaemia occurs most commonly; anaemia of chronic disease is most frequent in hospitalized patients. Congenital or acquired haemolytic anaemias are also relatively...

Screening of eye disorders

MUDr.Helena Štrofová, MUDr.Petra Teplanová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):334-336  

In young children, the most common ocular disorders are squint, amblyopia, hyperopia, myopia and astigmatism. A certain degree of hyperopia occurs at all new borns babies for a period, but it disappears with time. In approximately 6% of children hyperopia remains with higher values, which may lead to the formation of strabismus and amblyopia may occur subsequently. Development of vision and depth perception are virtually completed in six to eight years. During this time children may experience some failures and defects that could disrupt the proper vision development. Therefore, regular preventive visionts to a pediatrician are of importance.

Differences in Pharmacokinetics in Children

MUDr.Petra Matalová, Ph.D., PharmDr.Jaroslav Matal, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):337-339  

Human growth and development consists of a continuum of biologic events. The impact of these developmental changes in drug disposition is largely related to changes in body composition (e.g. body water content, plasma protein concentrations) and function of organs important in metabolism (e.g. the liver) and excretion (e.g. the kidney). During the first decade of life, these changes are dynamic and can be nonlinear and discordant making standardized dosing inadequate. During rapid phases of growth/development drug disposition and response may be altered. The main goal is to optimize drug therapy in children. This can be achieved through fundamental...

Therapeutic strategies in cystic fibrosis

MUDr.Veronika Skalická

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):340-343  

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease of the Caucasian population characterised by chronic multi-organ impairment. Although cystic fibrosis is still incurable condition, it has been shown that holistic approach to treatment that is based on multi-professional centre care provided by trained and experienced health professionals is necessary for optimal management and improved quality of life and survival of patients. Complex treatment focused on intensive airway clearance, good nutritional status, aggressive anti-infective and anti-inflammatory therapy and continuous search for complications is essential. New therapeutic...

Topical treatment of acne vulgaris

MUDr.Yvetta Vantuchová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):344-346  

Acne is one of the most frequent skin disease. Prevalence of acne in adolescent is between 50–95%. It takes many various forms, ranging from minimal manifestations to severe extensive involvement of the facial and truncal skin. Acne usually subsides by 25 years of age, but in a small proportion of cases it may persist until adulthood. A well-chosen and regular topical treatment leads to suppressing the manifestations of the disease in the majority of cases.

Contraception in adolescents - current view, risks and legal aspects

doc.MUDr.Peter Koliba, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):348-352  

A review of the various methods of contraception, from the aspect of suitability for teenage girls. Sexual activity of adolescents today begins earlier than in the past and is significantly higher than in other population. Therefore, the use of adequate contraception is very important in this period. Recommend safe and reliable protection against unwanted pregnancy requires a positive attitude and awareness of physicians – pediatricians and gynecologists. Contraception for adolescents should be safe, gentle, effective and affordable. mutations, law and contraception.

A brief introduction to the issue of online blackmail of Czech children with a focus on sextortion

Mgr.Kamil Kopecký, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):352-354  

The online extortion and/or sextortion of children is a dangerous phenomenon related to the use of internet services (social networks, etc.). There is, as estimated, about 6–8% of the child population in the Czech Republic affected by it. In the majority of serious cases of extortion the process evolves through an elementary succession of communication advances that makes it possible to recognize the ongoing interchange as dangerous. On the basis of a detailed analysis of 15 serious cases of online extortion, a model has been developed, according to which the internet offenders proceed in their practice. The model is, for clarity sake,...

Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis in the objectification of the depth of the burned area

MUDr.Břetislav Lipový, Ph.D., MUDr.Ivan Suchánek, MUDr.Radomír Mager, MUDr.Tomáš Kempný, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):356-358  

Modern approaches to quality wound-management lead to dramatic improvements in the quality of care for burn patients. One of the important chapters in adequate access to the burned wound is a prompt assessment of the potential for spontaneous re-epithelialization and make decisions if a conservative or surgical therapy is elected. In the spirit of evidence based medicine is objectification of various physiological and pathophysiological indicators using devices. Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis (LASCA) is a unique device, which is timely, accurate evaluation of the depth of the burned area to help in deciding which strategy we must choose.

The effects of hippotherapy on motor and psychic functions of CP affected children and young persons

MUDr.Eva Krejčí, prof.RNDr.Miroslav Janura, Dr., Mgr.Zdeněk Svoboda, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):359-362  

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is developed by damage to immature brain in early age. It affects mainly motor functions, but is connected also to sensory and sensitive disorders, as well as intellectual deficit and other complications. Hippotherapy (HT) is a horse-using treatment. It belongs to proprioceptive-neuromuscular-facilitative methods. Research concerning the effects of hippotherapy on development of motor and psychic functions of CP affected patients has been conducted recently. Using the optoelectronic system Vicon MX, analysis of the gait was carried out before commencement of HT sessions and after its ending, while attention and memory have...

Life-threatening extracranial hemorrhage in the newborn

MUDr.Petra Tichá, MUDr.Hana Černá, MUDr.Jan Trubačík, MUDr.Magdalena Rohanová, MUDr.Veronika Fiamoli, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):363-364  

A birth trauma is a set of neonatal injuries due to mechanical powers which are created during delivery. Central nervous system, external parts of neurocranium, bones, tissues (nerves, muscles, skin), sensory and parenchymatous organs can be involved. In our case massive neonatal hemmorhage under galea aponeurotica developed during spontaneous vertex delivery. Subsequently a congenital coagulopathy was diagnosed in the newborn.

The process of a clinical guideline in neonatology skin care

Mgr.Jaroslava Fendrychová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):366-370  

The paper deals with the process of adaptation of a clinical guideline which should unify neonatal skin care. On the basis of a literature search existing clinical practice guidelines were identified and analyzed methodologically using the AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation) instrument. Then a draft of an adapted practice guideline was developed. It was presented to 396 nurses from 11 perinatology centres in the Czech Republic and the final adapted clinical guideline was created on the basis of their comments. The ADAPTE protocol was used which divides the process into three phases. The first two phases are dealt with...

A rare etiology of upper intestinal obstruction in children - superior mesenteric artery syndrome

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Tomáš Malý, Ph.D., MUDr.Zuzana Heřmanová, MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):371-373  

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is rare condition that usually presents with symptoms of upper gastrointestinal obstruction due to the compression of the third portion of duodenum between the abdominal aorta and the overlying superior mesenteric artery. In children SMAS usually presents more acutely than chronically and conservative management with nutritional support has usually good success. Surgical intervention should be reserved for patients refractory to medical therapy. The authors describe a case of a 18-year-old girl with two days history of epigastric abdominal pain, nausea and postprandial vomiting. Computed tomography...

Pediatric insomnia

doc.MUDr.Iva Příhodová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):374-376  

Prevalence of pediatric insomnia is 10–30 % depending on the age, the most common is in infants. Insomnia presents with difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep and daytime symptoms resulting from insufficient sleep. Insomnia can be perceived as a symptom connected with many causes – behavioral and psychic factors, inadequate sleep hygiene, somatic or psychiatric diseases or other sleep disorders. Early diagnosis and treatment prevent chronic course of insomnia and influence quality of life of a child and its family.

Futile Treatment in context of decision in pediatrics

MUDr.Jaromír Matějek, Ph.D., Th.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):377-378  

This article is a reflection on a term of the futile treatment and its context in pediatrics. It wants to introduce the basic content diferentiations and very basically sketch the possiblities of the resolutions of confict related to different ideas of the persons involved.

Herpetická gingivostomatitida

MUDr.Iva Čapovová

Pediatr. praxi. 2014;15(6):365