Lze motivovat dnešní děti k trávení volného času bez počítače?

doc. PhDr. Tomáš Čech, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2)  

Associated autoimmune diseases in childhood

MUDr.Renata Pomahačová, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Josef Sýkora, Ph.D., MUDr.Petra Paterová, MUDr.Karel Fiklík, MUDr.Jan Schwarz, MUDr.Václav Lád, MUDr.Eva Skalická, MUDr.Zdeňka Černá, MUDr.Jana Zamboryová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):78-81  

There is a coincidence of systemic, organ-specific and organ-localised autoimmune diseases which can form autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. The most frequent autoimmune endocrinopathies include autoimmune thyropathy and diabetes mellitus type 1. Patients with other autoimmune diseases and individuals from genetically predisposed families with higher incidence of autoimmune diseases should always be examined for possible juvenile lymphocytic thyroiditis. In patients suffering from multiple autoimmune diseases, it is advisable to follow the development of organ specific antibodies to reveal the pre-clinical stage of life-threatening endocrinopathy,...

Acute diarrhea in children

MUDr.Helena Ambrožová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):82-85  

Diarrheal diseases belong to the most frequent infectious diseases in children. More than 45 000 cases are reported regardless of age in the Czech republic in 2013, (EPIDAT), campylobacters and salmonellas were dominated in etiology. Rotaviruses are the most common etiology in children. Typical clinical picture, diagnostic and therapeutic options are listed in this article. antimotilic agents, antibiotics.

Present Refusal of Vaccination in the Czech Republic

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Bencko, DrSc., prof.MUDr.Roman Chlíbek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):86-88  

Vaccination is one of a most important achievements in the field of prevention of infectious diseases, which in the 19th century were one of the most common causes of death in Europe, and still in the developing world are a major cause of mortality especially in child population. Vaccination is one of the few activities in the area of disease prevention fulfilling all the conditions required by contemporary medicine „based on evidence“ and his questioning is to some extent a fashion, but utterly undesirable phenomena of the postmodern society, emphasizing individual freedom in decision making without the necessary balance its duties...

Atopic dermatitis - theory and practical guidelines

MUDr.Zuzana Nevoralová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):89-95  

Atopic dermatitis is a very common disease. Most commonly it affects sucklings and young children. In the article, epidemiology, ethiopathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment of atopic dermatitis are described. It is put the stress on the fact, that even the most effective medicines cannot eliminate a hereditary disposition to the disease because this lasts for the whole life. However, it is possible by a careful observation of preventive and therapeutic arrangements to heal disease signs and so to get eczema´s course under control. The far-reaching management of atopic dermatitis is based on the prevention methods, regular individualized care...

The utility of modern diagnostic genetic methods in clinical pediatrics

MUDr.Andrea Hladíková, Ph.D., RNDr.Alfons Balcar, Mgr.Dita Černá

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):98-102  

Next generation sequencing (NGS) and microarray analysis are being used with increasing frequency in pediatric genetic research. Compared with traditional „targeted“ genetic analyses that focus on a limited portion of the human genome, these methods produce significantly larger quanties of data, increasing the potential for wide-ranging and clinically meaningful applications. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has emerged as a new useful diagnostic method to identify genomic abnormalities associated with a wide range of developmental delay including mental retardation, congenital malformations, cognitive and language impairment...

What sunscreen and how strong should be applied when travelling?

MUDr.Radek Litvik

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):103-106  

Photoprotection of human skin by means of sunscreens is traditionally centered around the prevention of acute (e.g. sunburn) and chronic (e. g. skin cancer and photoageing) skin damage that may result from exposure to ultraviolet rays (UVB and UVA). Sunscreen products provide efficient photoprotection throughout the entire ultraviolet spectrum.

Probiotics in pediatrics, what is proven and what is not yet confirmed

prof.MUDr.Jiří Nevoral, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):108-112  

Probiotics have become very popular over the last two decades for the ability to influence intestinal microbiota composition and to alter host epithelial and immunological responses. Certain probiotic interventions have shown promise in selected clinical conditions where aberrant microbiota have been reported, such as acute infectious diarrhea, necrotising enterocolitis, irritable bowel syndrome and prevention of atopic dermatitis. Conclusions are based on meta-analyses of double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies which can only demonstrate the efficacy of probiotics in prevention and treatment of certain diseases.

Lacrimal sac empyema in the coincidence with infectious mononucleosis

MUDr.Jakub Syrovátka, MUDr.Michaela Syrovátková, MUDr.Ivan Kalivoda

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):114-115  

The authors describe a case report of a 12-year-old girl with a rare coincidence of EBV infection and the lacrimal sac empyema. The Inflammation and oedema of the nasal epithelium made by EBV results in intransient nasolacrimal duct obstruction and allows ascending bacterial colonisation. Typical swelling in the medial corner and the lower eyelid together with the absence of sinusitis and CT findings led to the correct diagnosis instead of initially anticipated sinogenic orbitocelulitis. After surgical drainage of the lacrimal sac abscess done in analgosedation, there was a complete recovery without any lacrimal symptoms.

Pertussis - current actual threat

MUDr.Martin Gregora

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):116-117  

The incidence of the disease whooping cough in children is a world in the last decade an increasing trend. This fact has several causes. One of them is the decline in antibody levels several years after vaccination and relatively mild and therefore often unrecognized course of the disease in adolescents and adults who are the most frequent source of infection of unvaccinated infants. Pertussis is a serious, life-threatening condition for them.

Psychsocial stress in childhood gastroduodenal ulcer: déjà vu?

MUC.Hana Jugová, MUDr.Marie Véghová-Velgáňová, Mgr.Jarmila Potomková, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):118-120  

Evidence has been accumulating on Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal analgesics playing a major contributory role in peptic ulcer disease. We are reporting a 12-year-old boy with recurrent gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. The authors discuss an association between the peptic ulcer disease and a strong psychosocial stress accompanied by headaches (i. e. parental divorce, family conflicts) reduced with the uncontrolled self-administration of non-steroidal analgesics.

Severe bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in child after passing the newborn hearing screening using otoacoustic

MUDr.Karol Zeleník, Ph.D., MUDr.Debora Jančatová, MUDr.Martin Formánek, prof.MUDr.Pavel Komínek, Ph.D., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):121-123  

emissions The case report of child with present otoacoustic emissions in neonatal hearing screening is presented. At the age of two years, parents observed that the child does not respond to sounds and speech did not develop, as well. Parents repeatedly demanded, that an objective hearing tests should be done. However, parents suspicion was downplayed by general practitioner, repeatedly. At last, bilateral severe hearing loss was diagnosed in up to 3 years. The most common causes of hearing impairment in children with present otoacoustic emissions in the neonatal hearing screening are discussed. It is emphasized that even if the otoacoustic...

Specifics of examining and securing of a critically ill child

Bc.Libuše Simulíková

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):127-129  

It is important to realize that children are differentt. They are different in the physical, psychological and emotional way. They have got an immature respiratory and cardiovascular systém. A child has got less reserves than an adult has got so the decompesation can become earlier. We start examinic the child as soon as possible. In the visual way, we examine the color of his skin and mucous membranes, blood circulation and temperature, aktivity level, ability to responding to stimulus. We examine the state of consciousness, breathing and heartbeat. We use both noninvasive and invasive methods. The violation of skin cover and the contact of...

Folicular adenoma of thyroid gland with cystic degeneration in a 14-year-old girl

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Jitřenka Venháčová, MUDr.Marie Gaierová, MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):124-126  

Cystic thyroid nodules in childhood and adolescence are less prevalent but more often malignant than in adulthood. Thyroid ultrasound is useful, especially in guidance of fine-needle aspiration cytology for optimal results, but presently should not be used for final decisions on the benign or malignant nature of the nodule. We present a case report of a 14-year-old girl with 5 months history of enlargedleft thyroid lobe presented with a palpable solitary resistence 3 × 2 cm. Thyroid ultrasonography showed an enlarged left thyroid lobe with cystic solitary nodule 30 × 25 mm. Doppler scans revealed increased vascularity within the left thyroid...

Where does freedom end and responsibility begin in terms of vaccination?

MUDr.Petr Havlíček, Hana Kotoučková, DiS.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):130-131  

Everybody can have their own opinion on whether it is a good thing to vaccinate and whether a course of action contrary to the Decree on Vaccination against Infectious Diseases is justifiable or defensible. Can such a course of action be justified by the parents' right to freedom or is it illegitimate and immoral in itself, violating the child's right to health? However, non-compliance with this decree results, among other things, in a decline in the herd immunity of the population against preventable diseases, which in turn increases the risk of infection in those who cannot be vaccinated for health reasons. Let us think about how to minimize...

Novorozenec - nález fyziologický a nález abnormální

prof.MUDr.Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr.Dana Dostálková, MUDr.Lenka Mičínová Sáblíková, MUDr.Magdalena Rohanová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):113  

Rotavirus vaccination - current situation

MUDr.Renata Kračmarová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(2):132-133  

Until January 2015, 75 countries have introduced rotavirus vaccines in their national immunization programs. In comparison to the America the introduction of universal mass vaccination in Europe is slower. Since 2006 11 countries of European region WHO began to vaccinate routinely and some other states including the Czech Republic have issued national recommendations.