Slovo úvodem

MUDr. Jiří Halbrštát

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3)  

What is new in pediatric diabetology?

doc.MUDr.Štěpánka Průhová, Ph.D., MUDr.Barbora Obermannová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):146-149  

Research in pediatric diabetology brings some news useful in clinical practice. That includes wilder use of insulin analogues, flexible insulin dosing system according to the needs of pediatric patients, the possibility of continuous glucose monitoring connected to the insulin pump and changing in some dietary recommendations. This article summarizes the current realistic treatment options for pediatric patients with diabetes in the Czech Republic.

Health and psychosocial consequences of obesity in children and adolescents

MUDr.Irena Aldhoon Hainerová, Ph.D., RNDr.Hana Zamrazilová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):150-153  

Obesity is a health disorder that affects nearly every organ system, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, endocrine, reproductive and respiratory. Obese children and adolescents are at high risk for development of several health conditions as hypertension, dyslipidemia, disturbances in glucose homeostasis incl. type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obstructive sleep apnea, Blount disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, asthma, pseudotumor cerebri and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Consequences of enhanced accumulation of visceral fat in adolescence in association with cardiometabolic health risks have...

Tick-borne disease transmission risks between mother and fetus/child

RNDr.Helena Nejezchlebová, Ph.D., Bc.Kristína Bečárová, doc.RNDr.Alena Žákovská, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):154-155  

We provide an overview of the risks of tick-borne disease transmission between the pregnant or nursing mother and the fetus/child. We focus on Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis and tick-borne encephalitis. In Lyme disease, transplacental transmission in humans can not be excluded; there is a lack of information regarding transmission through breast milk. Risks of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in pregnancy are likely, but there is not enough information about them. The latter is valid for risks of transmission during breast feeding. As for tick-borne encephalitis, we do not find evidence in scientific literature for transmission...

Abnormal nocturnal events in children

MUDr.Katalin Štěrbová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):156-159  

Good sleep is necessary for the correct development of children. Sleep undergoes development and various sleep problems are age- -dependent. Nocturnal events can be sporadic or chronic and requiring investigation and sometimes treatment.

The importance of continuity in the care for premature and risk infants at NICU and during follow-up

MUDr.Lucie Bejstová, doc.MUDr.Jiří Dort, Ph.D., MUDr.Eva Dortová, MUDr.Martin Matas

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):160-162  

A review article dealing with the importace of continuity in the care at Neonatology department of the Charles University Hospital in Pilsen. It is an advantage to discusse the situation of their coming premature baby with parents before delivery. After delivery mothers are encouraged to stay with their children within neonatal intensit care unit (NICU). The developmental care starts early and mothers are taught how to do it. The long-term follow-up of children after discharge is carried out in the Centre of the developmental care within the Neonatology department. It makes connection between community pediatricians and physicians working in...

The growing worldwide burden of allergic diseases has been defined as the allergy epidemic

MUDr.Eliška Kopelentová, MUDr.Eva Vernerová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):163-166  

Allergic diseases are a heavy socioeconomic burden worldwide and that is the reason why new prevention strategies are searched. European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) recommends an exclusive breastfeeding to all infants for the first 4 – 6 months for primary prevention of allergy. Dietary restrictions are not recommended to all pregnant or lactating mothers. If breastfeeding is not possible , high-risk infant should receive a hypoallergenic formula for the first 4 months. The other infant may receive a standard formula. After the age of 4 months a standard cow´s milk formula is recommended, irrespective of atopic...

New options for treating oral candidiasis in children by using compounded medications

PharmDr.Zbyněk Sklenář, Ph.D., MBA, MUDr.Vladimír Ščigel, Ph.D., MBA, MVDr.Mgr.Kateřina Horáčková

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):168-171  

Oral candidiasis treatment in neonates and infants is still a current issue. Until recently, the therapeutic solution of this disease has been consisting mainly in using extemporaneously prepared medicinal products in the oromucosal cavity containing non-specific antifungal agents. Although oromucosal gels and suspensions containing specific antifungal agents are not available as registered products in the Czech Republic, during the past five years got to enrichment of the portfolio for compounding with new substances. Nystatin and miconazole are newly available for compounding and even they can be successfully used for the treatment of oromucosal...

Care of irritated skin in the summer: over-the-counter products

MUDr.Kateřina Fajkošová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):172-174  

Irritant contact dermatitis is a term referring to inflammatory reactions occurring due to the action of toxic agents on the skin. It is encountered by everyone in their lifetime. In the acute course, it can often be managed with over-the-counter products, of which there is a vast variety available in the market. In the chronic course in particular, sensitization to many substances can occur, and an originally irritant dermatitis changes into an allergic one. The disease can be complicated by bacterial or viral infection. In such a case it should be taken care of by a dermatologist.

Child injury of head and neck

MUDr.Klára Perceová, Ph.D., MUDr.Gabriela Forstová, Šárka Samuelová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):176-178  

Objective: Statistical analysis of the most common head and neck injuries. Retrospective analysis of a 3 778 patients, age 0–19 years, treated in Faculty Hospital Brno, Clinic of Children ENT, period 01/2005 to 12/2013. Results: The group included 3 778 patients treated for head and neck injury. The group included 62% boys and 38% girls. 58% were preschool children. Most accidents happen at home, 51% of all injuries, the most frequent cause of injury was a fall. The most common diagnosis is superficial injury of lip and oral cavity. 94% was outpatients, without hospitalization. Conclusion: The issue of child injury should be given special...

Bartter syndrome - clinical genetic analysis

prof.MUDr.Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., prof.Hae II Cheong, M.D., MUDr.Adéla Holeszová, MUDr.Zdeňka Ráčilová, MUDr.Denisa Pavlovská, MUDr.Dana Dostálková, MUDr.Jiří Štarha, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):179-182  

Bartter syndrome is a group of inherited, salt-losing tubulopathies presenting as hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis with normotensive hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronism. Two segments along the distal nephron are primarily involved in the pathogenesis of the syndrome: the thick ascending limb of Henle´s loop, and the distal convoluted tubule. Frequently, pediatricians are the first professionals to attend to these patients and it is therefore important to be aware of this condition, since prognosis is better with earlier diagnosis and treatment. The authors describe the results of a genetic analysis and follow-up of patients with Bartter syndrome.

Preventive methods of screening examinations of refractive errors in children Plusoptix device

MUDr.Lenka Pražáková, MUDr.Anna Zobanová, MUDr.Pavel Rezek CSc., Ing.Petr Novák Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):183-186  

The aim is to evaluate the possibility of screening examinations of refractive errors in children Plusoptix device. In our sample included children from 6 months to 3 years of age, sent to a children‘s hospital eye clinic for examination Plusoptix Kolin. In our group, statistically compare the values of the refraction unit Plusoptix examination and refraction measured in cycloplegia fluoroscopic method. We focused on visual acuity and its relationship to refractive error. Finally, we summarize the incidence of pathological diagnoses in the file.

Intracranial hemorrage in full - term newborn - all or nothing

MUDr.Magdalena Rohanová, MUDr.Dan Wechsler, MUDr.Lia Elstnerová, MUDr.Zdeněk Mackerle, MUDr.Ivana Červinková

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):187-188  

Intracranial hemorrhage is a relatively common birth complication and thereby contributes significantly to neonatal morbidity and mortality. It occurs in infants born at term, but more often in premature neonates. It is important to diagnose bleeding which is not always easy, because a large proportion of children may proceed asymptomatically. Imaging methods play irreplaceable role for correct diagnose.

Play therapy in Czech hospitals

Mgr.Eva Hlaváčková, Ph.D., Mgr.Jana Urbanová, Mgr.Jana Škvrňáková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):198-200  

Play therapy is a method aiming to eliminate a child´s fear of hospitalization, to familiarize a child with the hospital environment and to get a child to cooperate. The aim of the research was to monitor the play therapy in the pediatric wards in the Czech Republic. Methods: We used quantitative-qualitative survey. The quantitative survey was carried out through non-standardized 16-item-questionnaire, distributed to the head nurses of all identified children‘s departments in the Czech Republic. The qualitative survey was carried out through semi-structured interview and observation in the 4 selected hospitals. Play therapy is used in...

Clinical variety of ingested foreign bodies in childhood

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):193-196  

Pediatric foreign body (FB) ingestion is a common problem throughout the world. The type of FB that is ingested, the anatomical location of the FB, and the time to medical presentation are all factors that determine how the child will be treated. We present the different types of foreign bodies that are ingested as well as highlight the differences and similarities in their management plans.

Disorders of the menstrual cycle adolescent girls and treatment

MUDr.Zuzana Hodická, Ph.D., MUDr.Ingrid Rejdová, MUDr.Jana Kadlecová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):189-192  

The menstrual cycle is a sequence of periodic changes driven axis hypothalamic – pituitary – ovary and feedback. It is a manifestation of proper function of healthy genitals. The average length of physiological menstrual cycle is 28 days. Disorders of the menstrual cycle can be divided into several groups based on morphologic disorders, functional disorders or according to localization. When a suspected fault mentrul cycle is always important detailed gynecological examination, followed by the deployment of adequate treatment and prevention of recurrence.

Legislative changes in prescribing spa medical care for children and adolescents

MUDr.Dalibor Pastucha, Ph.D., MBA, MUDr.Jiří Leisser, MUDr.Tetřevová Lenka

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):203-205  

Spa treatment is together with hospital and ambulant care long-term treatment program. At the end of last year, happened the legislative changes which modify the conditions of providing health spa. The basic legislative norm is the law no. 48/1997.

Can we change the nutrition ills of infants and toddlers?

MUDr.Zlatko Marinov

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):206-208  

The common obesity is becoming the most significant medical problem. Obesity is the only one of civilization diseases seen at a glance and personifies the failure of family lifestyle. The key position belongs to prevention of childhood obesity. Overweight or obesity of children begins at 80 % until 3 years and is followed by other members of the household who share the same obesogenic environment. In the prevention and treatment of childhood overweight are some simple nutrition principles with long-term outcomes. Modification of dietary habits of the child has significant potential in establishing preventive measures for other household members.

Bolest nohy - Köhlerova nemoc

prof.MUDr.Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr.Jaroslava Bajerová, MUDr.Zdeňka Ráčilová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):197  

Hippocrates of Cos - a founder of modern medicine

PhDr.Mgr.Přemysl Hanák, OPraem., doc.PhDr.Kateřina Ivanová, Ph.D., Mgr.Jarmila Potomková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(3):201-202  

Hippocrates of Cos can be considered a founder of clinical medicine who summarized medical knowledge of his time. His therapeutical approach respected a theory of the right balance of the four body humours. One of his basic contributions was an ethical framework for medical profession. He triggered a modern biomedical science due to his most important works, i.e. Corpus hippocraticum and Hippocratic oath.