Pediatrics for Practice, 2016, issue 1

Editorial

Slovo úvodem

PhDr. Lucie Sikorová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(1):3

Review articles

Asthma in childhood, risks and measures of prevention

MUDr.Václava Gutová

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(1):7-12 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.002

The risk factors for asthma and its exacerbations in childhood are discussed. The genetic factors and environmental risk factors. These are biogenic, including influence of allergens – house dust mites, animal allergens, pollen and mould allergens, microbial – bacterial and viral. Environmental risk factors – industrial and traffic pollution, tobacco smoke exposure, risk factors of inappropriate alimentation, obesity. The preventive measures of particular risk factors are considered, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Paediatricians, allergists and pneumologists should strive for a greatest possible prevention of...

Antivaccionist movement

RNDr.Ilja Trebichavský, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(1):13-15 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.003

Despite an enormous success paediatricians are meeting increasing numbers of parents who refuse vaccination of their children. Such an attitude is age-old and started as early as with variolation. A new wave of anti-vaccination movement has been imported by internet. Cui bono? Professional antivaccionists in the Czech Republic who skilfully manipulate with half-truth are mostly physicians who have commercial interest in alternative treatments which are not covered by health insurance as homeopathy, autopathy, detoxication etc. It is important to convince parents in a sensible way and without confrontation. Leading experts have to discuss...

ADHD in the light of contenporary psychiatry and clinical practice

doc.MUDr.Libuše Stárková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(1):16-21 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.004

Main aim of this article is to inform pediatrists about our actual view on the clinical picture, epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnostic procedures of ADHD and about the therapeutic approaches to this disorder. According to DSM 5, revised diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, we accept ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder with common onset in childhood and lifelong duration in at least at half of the patients. ADHD can be result in various consequent problems in adult life e.g. emotional, relational or social. Hyperactivity is often the first symptom in early childhood, severe inattention with some consequences in academic...

Contact allergy in children and teenagers

MUDr.Helena Michalíková

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(1):22-25

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an inflammatory skin disease (delayed type hypersenzitivity reaction, mediated by hapten-specific T cells). Substances responsible for the reaction are called haptens. Haptens induce skin inflammation through activation of both innate and acquired specific imunity. In children, the incidence of ACD appears to be on the increase recently. The clinical features of allergic contact dermatitis are itchy eczematous lesions usually at skin sites that have come into contact with alergen. The most important for the right diagnosis is epicutaneous patch testing. Children and adults can be tested with equal concentration...

Human milk is a source of prebiotics or also probiotics for babies?

Ing.Šárka Musilová, Ph.D., Ing.Věra Bunešová, Ph.D., prof.Ing.Vojtěch Rada, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(1):27-31 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.006

Human milk has been considered sterile. However, recent studies have shown that it contains a lot of bacteria, which some of them could be first probiotics for newborns. There are two hypotheses how bacteria can reach the mammary gland: contamination and/or active migration. Better understanding microbiota of human milk, its creation and its potential role should be aim of future investigation.

Acute renal failure and acute kidney injury in children

MUDr.Tomáš Zaoral

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(1):32-36 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.007

Definition and diagnosis of acute renal failure has changed significantly over the last 10 years. Acute renal failure in children was replaced by the term „Acute kidney injury“ (AKI). Epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology and treatment of AKI in children are mentioned.

Upper respiratory tract inflammations - right way how to educate parents

MUDr.Dagmar Chmelařová

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(1):37-44 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.008

Upper respiratory tract inflammations are basically the most frequent child diseases. Diseases can differ as for their course and frequency in comparison with adult patients. It is given by anatomical differences between children and adults as well as by gradual maturation of child immune system. Co-operation between parents and doctors significantly influence the favorable course of disease. Therefore, education of parents, discussions as well as possible co-operation with other specialists is essential. Especially in case of smaller kids, we are usually very limited as for the possible use of medication.

Case report

Late onset of inherited urea cycle disorder - ornithine transcarbamoylase deficiency

MUDr.Jan Papež, doc.MUDr.Tomáš Honzík, Ph.D., MUDr.RNDr.Pavel Ješina, Ph.D., MUDr.Petr Jabandžiev, MUDr.Jiří Štarha, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Dagmar Procházková, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Zdeněk Doležel, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(1):52-55 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.011

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is the most frequent inherited urea cycle disorder. This inherited metabolic disorder (IMD) has gonosomal recessive mode of inheritance and results from a deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase, which catalyses the conversion of ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate to citruline. The cumulation of toxic ammonia and other metabolites are the main cause of the earlier or later clinical manifestation of the disease. The authors present a case report of a thirteen-month-old boy who was taken to hospital due to apathy, overall hypotonia and hyperammonemia. Subsequent metabolic...

Pneumococcal arthritis of the hip in vaccinated infant

MUDr.Sabina Kaprálová, MUDr.Eva Klásková, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Petr Kamínek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(1):56-58 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.012

Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the the major human pathogens. Apart from common community infections such as catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, otitis media or sinusitis, it causes invasive and potentially life-threatening infections. Pneumococcal arthritis is also considered as invasive disease. This case study describes a relatively rare case of the infant with a pneumococcal arthritis of the hip. The study focuses on a brief overview of the issues, clinical manifestations, diagnostics and treatment of the bacterial arthritis in children and prevention of the invasive pneumococcal disease.

For nurses

Adapted clinical practice guideline: gastric tube insertion and verification in neonates and infants

Mgr.Jaroslava Fendrychová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(1):59-62 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.013

The paper presents the adapted clinical practice guideline (CPG) in gastric tube insertion and verification in neonates and infants which was developed in the same way (according to the ADAPTE protocol) as CPG in neonatal skin care published in Pediatrie pro praxi/Pediatry for Practice (6/2014 and 4/2015). The aim of the current CPG is to provide nurses and midwives with practical information concerning gastric tube insertion and verification as a prevention of malpractice which could be fatal in neonatal and infant age. Therefore the guideline first mentions a number of complications which can be successfully prevented if the nurses and...

Clinicoradiological diagnosis

Suprasellar lipoma as a coincidental radiological finding

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Marta Neklanová, MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2016;17(1):48-50 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2016.010

Whilst pituitary adenomas are the most common cause of a sellar mass, there is a number of other neoplastic, infection, inflammatory, developmental and vascular aetiologies that should by considered by the radiologist. Intracranial lipomas are rare developmental lesions that occur because of abnormal differentiation of embryogenic meninges. We describe and illustrate a 7-year-old boy with suprasellar lipoma associated with fever-induced convulsions in course of respiratory infection. Intracranial lipoma was demonstrated with magnetic resonance imaging.