Komunikaci s rodiči dítěte z knih nevyčteme

PhDr. Simona Hoskovcová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2018; 19(3): 131  

Yeast infection in childhood from view of pediatric and adolescent gynecologist

MUDr. Hana Kosová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2018; 19(3): 134-138 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2018.079  

Infection of external genitalis is the most common gynecologal problem in children. Child is not smaller adult, and this is reasonof different etiology, diagnostic´s method and treatment compared with kolpitis in adult. Yeast infection is typical example. Thisillnes is the most common inflammation of vagina in adult, in rest period we cannot meet it. Vagina is not influenced by femalehormons in rest period, we cannot find out typical vaginal microbiom, so pH of vagina is higher, epitel cells are without glycogen.The most often we can find in vagina during childhood patogenic bacterias from GIT tract and upper respiratory tract. Duringsexual development...

Lactose intolerance – the practical approach

MUDr. Kateřina Bajerová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2018; 19(3): 139-141 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2018.029  

The ability to digest lactose is an important condition in infant´s life, while being fed by breastmilk or formula. In new-born thisintestinal function depends on gestational age or can be rarely affected by inborn lactase deficiency. Lactase activity may decreaseduring following periods by physiologic development (lactase non-persistence) or by gastrointestinal diseases (celiac disease,Crohn´s). Lactose intolerance causes often diarrhoea, abdominal pain, meteorism, sometimes can be accompanied by complexsymptoms. The treatment of lactose intolerance concerns of low lactose diet.

Visual functions in premature children

MUDr. Dana Liláková, Ph.D., MUDr. Anna Zobanová

Pediatr. praxi 2018; 19(3): 142-145 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2018.030  

Thanks to the development in neonatology, the numbers of saved premature children with high co-morbidity are rapidly growing.Contrary to great advances in contemporary neonatology, the saved premature children are not spared different health problemsin the future life, including the vision. The main cause remains the retinopathy of prematurity and neurological diseases. The aimof this work is to summarize visual problems of premature children.

Reccurent aphthous stomatis by children

doc. MUDr. Pavel Poleník, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi 2018; 19(3): 146-150 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2018.031  

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is the most common chronic disease of the oral cavity affecting up to 25 % of the population.The underlying etiology remains unclear and no curative treatment is available. It is more common in patients between 10-40years of age. The management of RAS should be based on identification and control of the possible predisposing factors. In thecase of continuous outbreaks and symptoms should drug treatment be prescribed with the initial application of local treatmentsin all cases. A broad range of topical medications are available, including antiseptics, antiinflammatory drugs, corticosteroids andlaser therapy. Systemic...

The negative impact of parental smoking on children´s health

Bc. Zdeňka Tručková, doc. Ing. Iva Brabcová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2018; 19(3): 171-175 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2018.035  

Nowadays smoking is the most significant removable cause of morbidity rate and mortality. The Czech Republic ranks among thecountries with the highest number of smokers. According to Králíková (1) 2.2 million people are addicted to tobacco in the CzechRepublic. 250 000 from total are children and youth under 18. In the Czech Republic, 16 000 patients die to the consequencesof smoking every year. The aim of the contribution is to give the reader a list of scientific proves about the negative impact ofparental smoking on their children´s health. Qualitative research inquiry with using survey analysis technique of relevant literarysources was used to...

General approach to suspected poisoning in children

MUDr. Lucie Lischková, doc. MUDr. Sergej Zacharov, Ph.D., doc. Ing. Tomáš Navrátil, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Daniela Pelclová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi 2018; 19(3): 151-158 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2018.032  

In 2017, Czech Toxicological Information Center (TIC) provided 9 621 consultations concerning intoxications or exposures to hazardoussubstances, mixtures, and products in the patients under 18 years of age. The most common cause was the drug intoxication.Poisoning in children under the age of 5 years most frequently happened accidentally. In adolescents, poisonings occurredmainly due to suicide attempts. Severe intoxications of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers were rare. Important elements of thediagnostics of poisoning are: relevant medical history, physical examination, laboratory and X-ray methods and consultationwith TIC. In case of exposure...

Paediatric life support

MUDr. Jana Djakow, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2018; 19(3): 159-165 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2018.033  

This review recapitulates recent knowledge on paediatric life support. It summarizes possible pathways leading to the cardiorespiratoryarrest in children and European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2015 for paediatric cardiac arrest. The recommendedtechniques for chest compressions and artificial rescue breathing without as well as with bag‑valve‑mask ventilation are specified.The possibility of using automated external defibrillation in children is also mentioned. The paediatric advanced life support isbriefly summarized.

Recurrent perianal abscess in a infant

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Tomáš Malý, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi 2018; 19(3): 167-170 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2018.034  

Perianal abscesses (PA) are relatively common in children, especially in infants. Traditionally, incision and drainage is the treatmentof choice. Exmination by the ultrasound is useful in identifying abscess in infants with skin and soft tissue infections. In this casereport we present a 11-month-old infant boy with recurrent PA treated using surgical incision with drainage and systemic antibiotics.

Prebiotics and postbiotics in the 21st century

doc. MUDr. Milan Kuchta, CSc., MUDr. Zlatica Ďurošková

Pediatr. praxi 2018; 19(3): 177-181  

They have developed different types of synbiosis between different microorganisms during phyloge- netic development. Thehighest type of synbiosis is the mutual type, which was the basis for the development of specialized human systems, GALT andMALT. This useful microflora consists mainly of probiotics that create spe- cific habits and which are the most important in digestivetract. The human fetus was originally thought to be sterile, but the scientific results, in the last decade, indicate that pregnancyis a period when the first phase of contact with bacteria occurs. The emergence of a newborn microflora is considered to be acritical stage determining...