Technologie v raném věku: Jaká jsou jejich opravdová nebezpečí a možnosti?

Mgr. Michaela Slussareff, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 3  

Different approaches to pneumonia in children depending on the age and aetiology

prof. MUDr. František Kopřiva, Ph.D., MUDr. Vendula Látalová

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 7-11 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2019.002  

Pneumonia is a common infectious disease in children that is largely managed to be cured in developed countries, with the risk of death in uncomplicated cases being lower than 0,5%. In developing countries, however, it is one of the most frequent fatal infectious diseases. Pneumonia is caused by viruses and bacteria or by their combination and, despite the progress in diagnosing – serology, immunofluorescence, PCR – still no rapid and unequivocal method of identifying the causative pathogens is available. It has been reported that in some age groups up to 60% of pneumonia cases are caused by viruses and a large number of patients thus receive...

On the preventability of injuries and poisonings in the paediatric age group

MUDr. Josef Grym

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 12-18 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2019.003  

The author reports a cohort of 1,581 children (17,7 % of all the hospitalized) admitted for injury or poisoning to the department of paediatrics during the course of six years. According to the ICD, 75 % of the cases were chapter S injuries, 17,3 % were chapter T injuries, 7,3 % chapter F, and 0,4 % involved SUDS and ALTE/BRUE; the ratio of boys to girls was 60 : 40 and the age range was from neonates to adolescents. One child died as a result of SUDS. In a retrospective analysis of medical history data, major attention was paid to the subjective involvement of the child or carer in causation of the injury. In this respect, the factors most commonly...

Screens in Childhood: effects on sleep, learning and attention. Principles for healthy uses

Mgr. Michaela Slussareff, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 19-23 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2019.004  

The article focuses on the most important topics within the issue of healthy usage of technology in children: 1. blue light and itsimpact on childhood sleep, 2. the use of screens to accelerate cognitive development, and 3. the early screen exposure and laterdevelopment of ADD/ADHD. With regard to the critical milestones of cognitive development, we discuss the most risky group,i.e. children aged 0 to 6 years. The text summarizes the main findings from current foreign and domestic research, and is accompaniedby the basic guidelines of technology use in toddlers and preschool children.

Eating disorders of children and adolescents and possibilities of prevention

prof. PhDr. Ingrid Emmerová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 24-26 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2019.005  

The article deals with the problem of eating disorders of children and adolescents with specific focus on anorexia nervosa andbulimia nervosa. It gives details of statistical data about number of examined persons with diagnosis F50 in the Slovak Republic.A special attention is paid to possibilities of school prevention.

Serious course of pyelonephritis in a 6-month‑old child

MUDr. Miroslava Brndiarová, PhD., MUDr. Martin Jonáš, MUDr. Magda Antonyová, MUDr. Lýdia Zubríková, prof. MUDr. Peter Bánovčin, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 28-31 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2019.006  

Urinary tract infections are the second most common bacterial infection in childhood. Most often, they appear to be acute pyelonephritis. Corticomedullary kidney abscess is one of the most serious but rare complications of acute pyelonephritis. The most common pathogen is Escherichia coli. Clinical manifestations and laboratory parameters are nonspecific. Kidneys ultrasound examination and CT scan with contrastive substance are important in diagnosis. Treatment of systemic broad – spectrum antibiotics is recommended. Percutaneous and open drainage of abscess is performed in the indicated situations. The authors present the case of a 6-month-old...

Caffeine intoxication accompanied by rhabdomyolysis

MUDr. Jan Papež, MUDr. Jiří Štarha, Ph.D., MUDr. Petr Jabandžiev, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 32-34 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2019.007  

Caffeine is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substances worldwide. With an adequate intake it is a safe drug, but theremight appear dangerous and even life‑threateningconditions related to high doses. Rhabdomyolysis might be also a complicationresulting from the acute caffeine intoxication, with a possible progress to acute kidney injury. Authors present a case report ofa teenager with muscle damage as a consequence of having indigested a large amount of caffeine pills.

Parental knowledge survey on the principles of antipyretic therapy in children

PhDr. Iveta Ondriová, PhD., PhDr. Terézia Fertaľová, PhD., PhDr. Jana Cinová, PhD.,, PhDr. Slávka Mrosková, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 39-40 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2019.008  

Fever is a symptom of many childhood illnesses. The aim of the treatment of fever is to improve the overall condition of the child,not to achieve normothermia. In the paper, the authors describe childhood fever issues, focusing on the potential for parentalreduction in their home environment.

Knowledges parents of children to ten years about care about teeth or possibility of ambulatory practise

Mgr. Lucie Chrudimská, DiS., Mgr. Iveta Černohorská, Bc. Věra Kratochvílová

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 42-45 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2019.009  

Proper dental care is crucial for maintaining oral health. It is necessary to support these habits since childhood. These are theparents who are mainly involved in the formation of stereotypes, so it is very important that parents are sufficiently informedabout this issue. The aim of the research was to explore the level of awareness of parents of children up to 10 years and pointedout that it is necessary to pay more attention on this topic. Pediatricians should be in charge of this area of care and should notunderestimate early prevention.

Diaper dermatitis

PhDr. Kristina Janoušková, PhDr. Lucie Sikorová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 46-48 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2019.010  

Most infants who wear diapers are most likely to have diaper dermatitis. Although diaper dermatitis is not a life-threatening condition, it is important to know the factors and principles of proper skin care to avoid possible complications. The assessment of the risk of skin damage in infants is one of the basic conditions of preventive activities leading to healthy infants‘ skin. The assessment of the risk of damaging the skin of infants is also a necessary part of the assessment of the effectiveness of interventions performed in infants with already damaged skin. The suitability of the means to assess the risk of damaging infant skin was addressed...

A giant bladder cystine stone in a 5-year‑old female patient

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Hana Flögelová, Ph.D., MUDr. Jan Šarapatka, FEBU, MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 35-38 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2019.074  

A 5-year-old female patient with several months history of recurrent lower urinary tract infection presented with a complaint offrequency of micturition and hematuria. On plain abdominal radiography an elliptic opacified mass occupying the cavity of thesmall pelvis was detected. Ultrasonic bladder examination has shown a hyperechogenic formation with a massive dorsal acousticshadow, which corresponds to the stones. The cystine bladder stone was oval-shaped 4,0 × 3,6 cm in size. Open cystolithotomywas therefore selected as the best and safest treatment choice.

The common cold from an immunologist’s perspective: Do we need to affect immunity in childhood?

doc. MUDr. Jaromír Bystroň, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 49-54  

The author thinks about colds related to immune system maturation in various childhood stages. It describes the specifics ofbabies, toddlers, pre-school and school age children and the possibilities of coping with these diseases by GPs for children andadolescents or specialists in the field of allergology and clinical immunology. In conclusion it emphasizes the importance of thefamily and school in increasing the resistance of children against the diseases of exacerbation.

What parents consider to be a healthy diet for children, or That's what the internet says – it must be true

Ing. Hana Střítecká, Ph.D., DiS.

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 55-58  

The A child is not a small adult and has very specific nutritional requirements. Therefore, it is not possible for a child of an early age to have a diet completely identical diet asto that of a parent. Currently, unfortunately, there is a great deal of information about diet, food and their its "effects" on the human organism available on social networks and in the media. This information is not subject to professionally corrected review and, as a result, it can often happens that it is become misinterpreted. This can lead to the an unjustified exclusion of certain types of foods from the children's diet, and thus to the a limitation of the intake...

Umíme správně psát název nemoci složený ze dvou jmen?

Bc. Viktorie Schödelbauerová

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 59  

New trends in diagnostic and cure of allergy to protein of cow milk

doc. MUDr. Jiří Bronský, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 60-63  

This review article is focused on recent news in diagnostics and therapy of cow´s milk protein allergy in infants and children,especially focused on the potential role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Moro reflex and Ernst Moro

MUDr. Jan Hálek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2019; 20(1): 64-66  

The Moro reflex test is an essential part of the neurological examination of newborns and infants. The reflex was first described a centuryago in Ernst Moro‘s paper Umklammerungsreflex (1918). Ernst Moro (1874–1951) was an important figure of early 20th century medicinewith a wide area of expertise, including the newly developing pediatrics. With the rise of Nazism in Germany, Moro’s professional careerand personal life were disrupted because of his wife’s Jewish origins.