Pediatrics for Practice, 2021, issue 2

Editorial

Bilance starého psa!

MUDr. Luděk Ryba

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):83

Review articles

Spread of SARS-CoV-2 among primary school pupils: State-of-the-art

MUDr. Jan David, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Ondřej Hradský, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Jiří Bronský, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Jan Lebl, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):87-89 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.015

Although the SARS-CoV-2 infection (covid-19), caused by beta coronavirus is highly contagious; paediatric patients represent only a small proportion of all diagnosed patients. Indeed, published data suggest that the severity, susceptibility, and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children are significantly lower than in adults. These facts should also reflect the anti-epidemic measures being implemented. The article presented below is based on recent published studies and addresses this issue in the context of school closure.

Treatment of allergic rhinoconjuctivitis in children

doc. MUDr. Pavlína Králíčková, MUDr. Dita Záveská

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):90-93 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.016

We can distinguish symptomatic and causative pharmacologic treatment of allergic rhinitis. It is used topic (eye drops, nasal spray) and systemic (antihistamines and antileukotriene drugs) for a relief of the symptoms. High effective are local combination drugs. It is recommended to prefer nasal steroids alone or in combination with local antihistamines to systemic antihistamines. Allergen-specific immunotherapy represents the only causative treatment of allergic diseases which is able to decrease the incidence of asthma. An appropriate choice of dominant allergen is a possible way for polysensitized people.

Infantile colic and the possibilities of their therapeutic influencing

MUDr. Nabil El-Lababidi

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):94-97 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.017

Infantile colic (IC) is a common, functional gastrointestinal disorder in the newborn and infant period. IC affects up to 40 % of infants and usually wanes between the 10^th and 12^th week of age. While examing a child with IC, red flags pointing at a possible underlying organic cause should be sought. Parenteral education and reassurance are the cornerstones in IC treatment. Reduction of potential dietary allergens can have a positive effect in select cases. Based on available data, it would seem that, in fully breast-fed babies, probiotics with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 can reduce crying time by almost 50 minutes. Probiotics...

Vitamin C, anti-infective immunity, and problems of deficiency in children

MUDr. Jan Boženský, prof. MUDr. František Kopřiva, Ph.D., PharmDr. Lucie Kotlářová, MUDr. Pavel Kostiuk, CSc., PharmDr. Zdeněk Procházka, MUDr. Jiří Slíva, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):98-104 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.018

Objective: To determine the occurrence of reduced levels of vitamin C in children hospitalized in pediatric departments of some hospitals in the Ostrava and Olomouc regions. Methods: Orientational evaluation of the saturation of organism with vitamin C using indicator strips for determining the level of ascorbic acid in urine. The method is based on the action of a complex chelating agent with a polyvalent metal ion and a color indicator, which reacts in proportion to the concentration of ascorbic acid by changing the color shade. Results: At the pediatric department of the hospital in Ostrava-Vítkovice, 23 % of children with...

Current treatment options for allergies in children

MUDr. Iva Pončáková

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):105-111 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.019

The prevalence is constantly increasing and incidence of allergic brings with it the need for new diagnostic and treatment procedures. By allergies we mean a reaction meadiated by immunological mechanisms, first through an IgE class antibody. We consider allergen immunotherapy (AIT) to be causal treatment of allergy. Symptomatic antihistamine therapy represents one of the main possibilitie of influencing the development and course of allergic reactions directly on the peripheral histamine H1 receptor.

The role of biotics in the early stages of life

MUDr. Jan Boženský

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):114-116 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.020

The early stages of life are a period of rapid growth and development. From the first day of pregnancy until 2 years of age, the so called "first 1,000 days", nutrition has a key impact on optimal physical growth and body composition, cognitive development, immune maturation and development of the gastrointestinal systém. Breast milk is the best source of nutrition for all infants and breastfeeding has numerous short- and long-term benefits for both, infants and mothers . Intense research on human milk and lactation over the last decades resulted into major innovations in infant formula. Human milk contains approximately 200 complex oligosaccharides...

Technologies and children: current recommendations for pediatricians and a summary of practical tools for screening and primary prevention

Mgr. Michaela Slussareff, Ph.D., Mgr. Kateřina Lukavská, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):117-120 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.021

The article presents and analyzes current recommendations concerning children's use of digital technologies (or screens). Based on these recommendations, the article proposes tools for screening and primary prevention of risky use of screens in the pediatric office. The screening tools are divided according to age categories into (1) recommendations for the youngest children (0-5 years), (2) recommendations for younger school age (6-10 years) and (3) recommendations for older school age and adolescents (11+).

Case report

Leptospirosis as a rare cause of acute kidney injury in fourteen-year-old girl

MUDr. Patrik Konopásek, MUDr. Ingeborg Vokálová, MUDr. Ivana Divišová, doc. MUDr. Jakub Zieg, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):121-124 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.022

Acute kidney injury is a severe condition which increases both mortality and morbidity in children. There is a long term risk of development of chronic kidney disease even if the patient is treated properly. We present a case of a patient who developed acute kidney injury during the course of a febrile infection of unkown origin. The etiology was subsequently clarified after patient´s discharge from the hospital.

Common and rare complications of gastroenteitis

MUDr. Martin Gregora

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):125-128 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.023

Every pediatrician examines dozens, perhaps hundereds of children with gastroenteritis each year. Based on experiance and anamnestic data, he can often estimate the etiology, predict the course and set adequate treatment. Most children with this diegnosis do not require hospitalization. However, enteritis also brings complications, common and rare, which are difficult to predict. And it is far from just a risk of dehydration.

Barotrauma as a consequence of lay rescuer basic life support

MUDr. Markéta Nowaková, MUDr. Bořek Trávníček, MUDr. Jan Pavlíček, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Michal Hladík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):129-131 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.024

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a chain of urgent procedures aimed at maintaining a patent airway and restoring ventilation and circulation in an individual with cardiac arrest. Complications from appropriately applied resuscitative techniques are rare but can be encountered ( abdominal parenchymal injury, rib fractures, barotrauma). The authors present a case report of a five-month-old child with extensive barotrauma resulting from phone-assisted basic life support by a layperson (caregiver).

The impact of the skin infection at the time od COVID-19 pandemic

MUDr. Eva Sládková, MUDr. Martina Kobeľová

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):132-133 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.025

Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is caused by specific nephritogenic strains of a beta haemolytic streptococcus, group A. The course of this disease is variable; from asymptomatic accidental abnormal findings in urine to severely developed nephritic syndrome with macroscopic haematuria, oedema, hypertension, and acute kidney injury. The prognosis is usually good, but patients require further surveillance and monitoring to rule out a more severe form of glomerulonephritis. We report a patient with an unusually severe course of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, incurred as a result of skin infections at the time of distance medicine.

Celiac disease in a family

MUDr. Eva Karásková, Ph.D., MUDr. Maria Velgáňová-Véghová, MUDr. Miloš Geryk

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):135-138 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.026

Celiac disease is a lifelong, immune-mediated, inflammatory disease of the small intestine, induced by gluten consumption in genetically predisposed individuals, characterized by the development of malabsorption syndrome. The authors present a case report of three siblings diagnosed with celiac disease. A positive family history and genetic predisposition to celiac disease as one of the strongest risk factors for disease development are discussed.

Clinicoradiological diagnosis

Accidental finding of simlex urachal cyst during ultrasonic abdominal examination

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Tomáš Malý, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):139-141 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.027

The urachus is a stunted tubular structure that connects the bladder with the extraembryonic allantois at the beginning of embryonic development. Urachal cyst (UC) is a rare congenital anomaly caused by incomplete regression of urachal remnants during development, in which both ends of the canal are closed but its central fluid-filling portion persists. UC is rarely the cause of clinical symptoms unless secondary inflammation occurs. They usually come to clinical attention as random findings on ultrasound. We report a case report of a 4.5-year-old boy with a stool emptying disorder in whom the diagnosis of UC was confirmed by ultrasound examination...

At a glance

Photoprotection in kids

doc. MUDr. Karel Ettler, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(2):142-146 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.028

Photoprotection is the protection against exposure of the skin to the side effects of sunlight. This includes, in particular, staying in the shade, wearing photoprotective clothing, applying sunscreens and eye protection. Children's skin is more sensitive to sunlight than adults. The growing incidence of skin tumors necessitates continuous lifelong photoprotection from childhood.