Rodiče vždy a všude (Dycky rodič!)

Luděk Ryba

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):3-4  

Obesity in childhood and adolescence

MUDr. Petra Paterová, doc. MUDr. Renata Pomahačová, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Josef Sýkora, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):9-11 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.001  

In the overview article, we will deal with the diagnosis of childhood overweight and obesity, the differential diagnosis of childhood obesity, and we will focus on new findings in the regulation of eating behavior. We will summarize the complications of this metabolic disease and mention the options for treating childhood obesity.

Differential diagnosis of chronic cough

MUDr. Václav Koucký, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):12-18 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.002  

A chronic cough is defined by its duration (more than 4-8 weeks). It is a relatively common symptom in children and requires careful evaluation, as it may indicate a serious chronic disease. The examination procedure is primarily based on a detailed evaluation of the patient's history and a physical examination, during which we look for symptoms pointing to a specific cause of the cough, or clearly defined disease. The second-line tests are chosen individually based on the suspected etiology of cough arising from the first-line examinations. Among the additional examinations, chest X-ray, spirometry with bronchomotor tests, sputum examination and allergy...

Complex regional pain syndrome in children and adolescents

doc. PhDr. Lucie Sikorová, Ph.D., PhDr. Renáta Zoubková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):19-21 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.008  

Complex regional pain syndrome is characterized by pain in combination with sensory, autonomic, trophic and motor abnormalities. Depending on the severity of the symptoms, functional disorders develop, school life, family and social life deteriorates.The most common precipitating cause in children and adolescents is an injury to the lower limb. It occurs with a higher frequency in girls. The article summarizes information about the issue of complex regional pain syndrome in children and adolescents and emphasizes that early diagnosis, treatment and care by a multidisciplinary team increase the success of the treatment process.

Parenteral nutrition in neonatology I - water and electrolytes

MUDr. Peter Korček, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):22-26 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.004  

Parenteral nutrition is an integral part of comprehensive care for preterm infants, very low birth weight or critically ill infants, or those unable to take oral nutrition. The composition of parenteral nutrition should be individually tailored for each patient based on their current health status and taking into account possible complications. It is administered until the patient is capable of taking oral nutrition in an amount sufficient to meet nutritional needs. The following series of articles aims to introduce the individual components of parenteral nutrition and the practical significance of individualized parenteral nutrition in neonatology...

Arterial hypertension and its diagnosis in the hands of a general practitioner for children and adolescents

MUDr. Iris Kleinová, MUDr. Hana Flögelová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):28-31 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.005  

Review article on the possibilities of diagnosing hypertension in children in primary care. Various methods of blood pressure measurement, clinical pressure measured in the doctor's office, home blood pressure measurement and ambulatory 24-hour blood pressure monitoring are presented. It is emphasized that each of these methods has slightly different "normal values" and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are given. Furthermore we present the most important causes of hypertension and basic examination methods for its diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis of alopetia in children and adolescents

MUDr. Barbara Ivanková, MBA, MUDr. Hana Juhásová, doc. MUDr. Janette Baloghová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):32-38 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.006  

Alopetia in children and adolescents is a common worrying problem that we encounter in primary pediatric care environment and has heterogeneous causes. Early diagnosis and treatment are key in pedaitric population due to the significant psychosocial impact. The most common causes of hair loss in the pediatric population include alopetia areata, tinea capitis, congenital alopetia, trichotylomania and hair cycle disorders. In this review, the autors present a basic diagnostic algorithm that can help the pediatrician to focus on the causes of hair loss, supplement basic laboratory tests and refer patient to the approprite specialist. Alopetia management...

Mothers' awareness of oligosaccharides in breast milk

Ing. Štěpánka Dvořáková, doc. Ing. Šárka Musilová, Ph.D., Ing. Nikol Modráčková, Ph.D., Ing. Mgr. Anna Žabová

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):40-44 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.007  

Human milk is a vital source of over 200 oligosaccharide structures contributing significantly to newborn development. Despite their essential role, these oligosaccharides often go unnoticed. Human milk oligosaccharides offer several benefits, including prebiotic, antiadhesive, and antimicrobial properties. They also play a crucial role in developing of a child's nervous system and immunity. The aim of the study was to summarize and map the knowledge of prospective mothers through a questionnaire survey on the benefits of breastfeeding, breast milk, and especially its oligosaccharides. The survey included 15 questions with educational passages. Eight...

Trend in the treatment of umbilical pathologies in childhood

MUDr. Jana Hrubovčáková, MUDr. Jan Škvařil, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):45-47 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.003  

The aim of this study is to evaluate the trend in the treatment of pediatric umbilical pathologies with a focus on residual urachus and to propose an optimal therapeutic procedure.

Unilateral laterothoracic exanthema (ULTE) - case report of a 10-year-old boy with unilateral exanthema of unknown etiology

MUDr. Barbara Ivanková, MBA, MUDr. Alexander Halagovec, DrSc., doc. MUDr. Veronika Vargová, PhD., doc. MUDr. Janette Baloghová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):49-52 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.009  

Unilatheral Laterothoracic Exnthema (ULTE), also known as asymetrical periflexular exanthema of childhood (APEC), is a disorder of unknown aetiology. However, it has been associated with viral infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus, parvovirus 19 and SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is characterized by unilateral papular exanthema with mild pruritus, that is prevalent in children. Treatment is symptomatic with resolution at 2-6 weeks. The authors present case report of a 10-year-old patient with symptoms of ULTE, supplemented by histology examination of skin manifestations.

Evaluation of oral intake in the premature infant

Mgr. Jakub Tatarka

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):58-61 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.011  

Readiness for oral feeding is a complex concept. More evidence is currently needed on how to approach the initiation of oral feeding of preterm infants. Various oral readiness assessment tools, clinical tests and protocols have been developed to advance feeding. These methods are used by nursing staff, especially pediatric nurses but also by caring parents and their intention is to help initiate and subsequently facilitate the progression of oral intake. Recognizing and support the oral readiness of the preterm infant can reduce the length of hospitalization and have a positive impact on reducing health care costs. Supporting effective, stimulus-based...

Staphylococcal pyomyositis of the thigh muscle during induction therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Barbora Ludíková, Ph.D., MUDr. Zbyněk Novák, MUDr. Bohumil Zálešák, Ph.D., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Brožková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):53-57 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.010  

Primary pyomyositis is a purulent infection of the skeletal muscle often with abscess formation, which arises from a haematogenous infection. Primary infections usually have a subacute onset and most commonly affect one muscle group of the lower limb or the muscles of the hip and pelvis. We present a 16-year-old type I diabetic with with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Aggressive induction chemotherapy was complicated by febrile neutropenia on day 6. The patient reported right thigh adductor pain on walking, and we observed phlegmonous skin changes resembling a subcutaneous hematoma. We summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures...

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders

MUDr. Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):62  

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases are chronic, immune-mediated disorders characterized clinically by gastrointestinal symptoms and histologically by a pathologic increase in eosinophil-predominant inflammation in specific regions of the GI tract, in the absence of secondary causes of eosinophilia.