Pediatrics for Practice, 2026, issue 4

Editorial

Digitální hranice u dětí: lze určit, co už je moc a jak z toho ven?

doc. Mgr. Kateřina Lukavská, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):204

Review articles

Sleep disorders in childhood

MUDr. Vilém Novák, Ph.D., MUDr. Ondřej Hrubý, MUDr. Eva Babka Štěpánová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):208-215 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.035

Sleep disorders in childhood occur in at least 30 % of children, from the neonatal period until adolescence. The most important task is to identify affections that may negatively affect cognitive functions, especially attention as well as behaviour, emotions, learning and school performance, the child's health and growth, and the cardiovascular system. Correct and timely diagnosis of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea, and narcolepsy is essential for favourable development in childhood. An important relationship might occur between certain types of epilepsies and the sleep-wake (circadian) rhythm. About 1/3 of epileptic patients experience epileptic...

Epistaxis in children

MUDr. Ivan Kalivoda, MBA, MUDr. Jakub Syrovátka, MUDr. Michaela Syrovátková

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):216-220 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.036

Epistaxis is a common clinical problem in children, ranging from minor to potentially serious presentations. It may also represent the first manifestation of an underlying disease. This article provides a structured overview of the differential diagnosis of epistaxis, its management, and recommendations for primary care physicians on when to refer a patient to an otorhinolaryngologist or another specialist.

Treatment of iron deficiency in children

MUDr. Martina Suková

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):222-226 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.037

Iron deficiency (sideropenia) is the most common nutritional deficiency in the pediatric population. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), a clinical consequence of severe iron deficiency (ID), is the most prevalent hematological disorder worldwide. Risk of iron deficiency is associated with periods of increased iron requirements combined with low stores, particularly in preterm infants, in exclusively breastfed infants after six months of age and during adolescence. Except for low iron intake, iron deficiency may also result from impaired iron absorption associated with gastrointestinal diseases or specific malabsorption syndromes, as well as from increased...

Comprehensive management of the pediatric neuro-oncology patient

MUDr. Jana Táborská, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Michal Zápotocký, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Vladimír Beneš III., Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):227-234 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.038

Among pediatric malignancies, central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The overall five-year survival rate for pediatric patients with brain tumors is around 80 %. However, survival outcomes vary significantly across specific diagnoses. The heterogeneity of these diagnoses, along with anatomical locations and other clinical variables, results in substantial variability in the available therapeutic modalities for each individual patient. The cornerstone of pediatric brain tumor management is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary assessment of the patient, carefully weighing the treatment options and...

Drug poisoning in children and how to prevent it

MUDr. Hedvika Adamová, MUDr. Petra Matalová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):236-240 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.039

Drug intoxications in children are common, acute and potentially life-threatening situation in pediatrics. Children represent the majority of all toxicological consultations provided by the Toxicological Information Center. The most common noxious agent that harms children is medicinal products, which are typically ingested in the home environment as part of an adverse event. Although these events can be very easily prevented, especially by consistent education of the general public on the safe storage of medicines in the home environment, drug intoxications in children have shown a long-term upward trend. This article aims to raise awareness among...

Nonpharmacological measures in recurrent urinary tract infections in children and adolescents

MUDr. Zuzana Vyoralová

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):241-245

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children are a common reason for visiting a paediatrician as well as for being hospitalized. Children with recurrent UTIs are at a higher risk of kidney injury, particularly when concurrent with vesicoureteral reflux. Prevention involves a set of measures intended to reduce the recurrence rate and thus the risk of renal insufficiency. Given the increasing pharmacological resistance of bacteria, nonpharmacological measures are becoming increasingly important.

Case report

Acute persistent facial erythema following anti-age cosmetic application in an 11-year-old girl: the growing psychosocial impact of skincare trends in childhood

MUDr. Barbara Ivanková, MBA, MUDr. Hana Juhásová, MPH, MUDr. Tomáš Kampe, PhD., MPH, doc. MUDr. Janette Baloghová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):251-253 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.041

In recent years, we have observed a significant increase in the use of cosmetic and skincare products among children and preadolescents, influenced by a combination of social media, influencer marketing, beauty trends, the commercial availability of cosmetic products, and changing societal perceptions of appearance and skincare. Pediatric skin possesses distinct epidermal barrier properties and increased vulnerability to irritant and allergic reactions. We present the case of an 11-year-old girl who developed sudden-onset intense persistent erythema of both cheeks following the application of an anti-age serum and subsequent decorative cosmetic product....

Bradycardia in athletes - two case reports from clinical practice

MUDr. Markéta Sovová, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Eliška Sovová, Ph.D., MBA, MUDr. Libor Jelínek, Ph.D., MUDr. Radek Adámek, MUDr. Pavel Mišove

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):254-258 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.042

Bradycardia is a common finding in athletes and in most cases is a manifestation of physiological adaptation to endurance exercise. In asymptomatic young athletes, a pathological cause is rare; on the other hand, this finding may also be the first sign of pathological changes in the conduction system, structural heart disease, or even an autoimmune or genetic disease. Proper differentiation between physiological and pathological bradycardia is therefore essential both in terms of treatment and assessment of athletic fitness. We present two case studies that demonstrate the correct procedure for examining athletes with bradycardia based on the latest...

For nurses

Analysis and assessment of physical child abuse symptoms and their evaluation: review article

Mgr. Petra Benešová, Ph.D., MBA, Bc. Simona Martynková, Mgr. Jiřina Hosáková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):262-268 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.044

Aim: The aim of the study was to search for and to analyse available knowledge about the symptoms of physical child abuse, to map visible and hidden injuries caused by physical abuse, and to search for assessment tools to predict physical child abuse. Methods: The systematic review included full-text reviews of primary research published in English language between 2010 and 2025. Both freely accessible and licensed databases BiblioMedica/Medvik, PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, CINAHL Plus with Full Text and EBSCO were used for the search. Results: The literature review showed that over a period of fifteen years, a number of studies were published...

Clinicoradiological diagnosis

Giant antrochoanal polyp with oropharyngeal extension in a 13-year-old girl

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Zbrožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Bakaj, Ph.D., MUDr. Kryštof Vitoul, MUDr. Oksana Tkačyk

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):259-261 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.043

Antrochoanal polyps (ACP) are rare benign lesions arising in the maxillary sinus that extend into the nasopharynx. In exceptional cases, they may extend as far as the oropharynx, where they cause symptoms such as dysphagia and changes in the voice. The diagnosis of an advanced polyp based on atypical symptoms is crucial for planning further investigation and treatment. We present a 13-year-old girl with an advanced unilateral ACP extending into the oropharynx, presenting with a history of only six months of obstruction of the right nasal cavity, a sensation of a foreign body in the throat, and mouth breathing during sleep. The patient underwent functional...

At a glance

Constipation in childhood

MUDr. Eliška Hloušková

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(4):246-247 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.040

Constipation is a common problem in childhood. It is defined by infrequent and difficult bowel movements. In most cases, constipation is functional and results from voluntary stool withholding. Diagnosis is based on the fulfillment of the Rome IV criteria. If warning signs of organic disease are present, an organic cause should first be excluded. Treatment is based on several concurrent steps: education, disimpaction, and long-term laxative therapy. This article discusses both the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to functional constipation.