Pár poznámek k výchově dítěte

PhDr. Václav Mertin

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 271  

Constipation in the paediatric practice

MUDr. Jakub Pecl, MUDr. Petr Jabandžiev, Ph.D., MUDr. Tereza Pinkasová, MUDr. Markéta Veverková

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 276-281 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.054  

Constipation is a common reason for patients to visit both the general paediatrician and paediatric gastroenterologist. Up to 95%of constipation cases are functional in nature, with only 5% accounting for the so-called symptomatic constipation, occurring invarious intestinal and extraintestinal conditions. The diagnosis of functional constipation can be established based on a typicalhistory and clinical manifestations. One must evaluate the warning signs and, subsequently, the success of adequate treatment.When symptomatic constipation is suspected, a multidisciplinary approach is warranted. The treatment of functional constipationmust be comprehensive,...

Psychotropic drugs in pregnancy – do they reduce or increase the risks for the fetus? Part One: antidepressants, antipsychotics

MUDr. Antonín Šebela, MUDr. Jan Hanka, MUDr. Michal Goetz, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Pavel Mohr, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 282-286 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.055  

There is a trend of increasing prescription rates of psychotropic drugs in females of fertile age, including growing numberof pregnant women. The main groups of psychotropics used in psychiatry are antidepressants, antipsychotics, moodstabilizers, and anxiolytics. Both drugs and untreated psychiatric disorders represent risk factors for adverse pregnancyoutcomes and poor neonatal adaptation of an exposed newborn. We review current published data on the effects of prenatalexposure to untreated depressive and psychotic disorders, antidepressants and antipsychotics on the fetus development,pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal adaptation. Available data suggest...

Common errors in diagnosing skin diseases in pediatrician's office

MUDr. Jan Hugo

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 288-296 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.056  

Issues of skin diseases in childhood is enormously broad – the skin problems are one of the most common reasons for visitinga pediatrician. Not only treatment, but diagnostics itself provides a number of pitfalls and can be a great challenge even for anexperienced dermatologist. The author and his colleagues regularly encounter some unsuccessfully treated diseases, resulting fromrecurrent errors in the previous diagnostic proces. Although they are mostly not serious errors – which would put the patient‘s lifein danger – only the discovery and correction of the errors leads to the solution of the situation. Based on these clinical...

Cleft lip and palate – principles of primary care and aftercare

MUDr. Martin Fiala, MUDr. Olga Košková, MUDr. Jitka Vokurková, Ph.D., MUDr. Jana Bartošková

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 297-299 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.057  

Cleft lip and palate belong to the most common congenital malformations. In order to provide a successful long-term treatment,usually spanning from neonatal period to adulthood, multidisciplinary approach and centralization of cleft care is essential. Ourarticle describes all basic types of clefts and how to rectify these malformations by surgical procedures. The article also refers tospecific treatment periods during childhood, according to the cleft type and age of the pediatric patients, including introductionof all medical specialists participating in the cleft care.

Hormonal contraception used by adolescents and the risk of tromboembolic disease – topical look

MUDr. Miroslav Havlín

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 300-305 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.058  

This article summarize the basic options for contraceptive security of adolescent girls, including benefits a risks of hormonal contraception.It also draws attention to the broader social context of unwanted pregnancies in this age group. Points out the main aspects of thecare for young people and the most common health problems influencing use of contraceptives.The second part deals in detailwith pathogenesis of thromboembolic disease and analyzes the major risk factors for its occurrence. It discusses the relationshipbetween thrombophilic mutations to hormonal treatment and presents prescribing recommendations for risk groups of women.This text mainly...

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in dizygotic twins

MUDr. Daniela Potyszová, prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Tomáš Malý, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 307-310 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.060  

Authors report a case of rarely hereditary occurrence of an infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in dizygotic twins. First boy(twin B) was admitted to hospitalization in the fifth week after birth due to commencing dehydration caused by repetitive projectilevomiting, through the ultrasound pyloric stenosis was confirmed. After one week, the second boy (twin A) showed similarsymptoms with almost identical finding on the ultrasound. Both went through a procedure of pyloromyotomy without anypost-operative complications. Etiology of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is yet not clear, the influence is most probablymultifactorial. It includes genetic...

Burns of the external genitalia with potassium permanganate in the treatment of vulvovaginitis

MUDr. Martina Velíšková, MUDr. Leoš Teslík

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 311-312 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.085  

Potassium permanganate is a dark purple salt that is used as an antiseptic. It is well soluble in water and if it is used as a disinfectantit is necessary to prepare only very little concentrated solution and to ensure complete dissolution of the tablets/granules.Otherwise, skin irritation occurs and it can progress to severe skin and mucous membrane burns. This case report presents a caseof a three-year-old girl, whose mother, a general practitioner, recommended a local application of potassium permanganate totreat vulvovaginitis. However, the mother was not sufficiently instructed by the doctor and instead of the diluted solution sheapplied a powder...

Nursing care for children with Tetralogy of Fallot

Bc. Tereza Nejdlová, Mgr. Alena Machová

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 323-326 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.063  

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect which is classically understood to involve four anatomical abnormalities of the heart;pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta and ventricular septal defect. This not common but life-threateningdisease, it is found in about 3.4% newborns with congenital heart disease. This diseases is a multifactorial disease both hereditaryand influenced by surrounding environment. The aim of this article is to describe the specifics of nursing care for these children. Thisspecificity was determined from professional literature and by qualitative research through in-depth interviews...

Occipital dermoid cyst associated with dermal sinus as a cause of neuroinfection

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Mariana Balíková, doc. MUDr. David Krahulík, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 314-316 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.061  

Occipital dermal sinuses (ODS) are rare dysraphic lesions resulting from defective separation of the ectoderm and neurodermpresenting with diverse clinical features from asymptomatic dermal sinus to symptomatic situations including hydrocephalus,meningitis or abscess. We present a 4-year-old girl presented with raised intracranially pressure and meningitis. Neuroradiologicalstudies evaluated finding as a cerebellar abscess communicating with congenital skin defect. The cerebellar abscess was treatedby radical excision through a suboccipital approach. Histological and peroperative finding confirmed dermoid cyst.

The role of synbiotics treatment management cow’s milk protein allergy infants:
Can pre/probiotics be helpful in the treatment?

MUDr. Eva Karásková

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 320-322  

Cow´s Milk Protein Allergy occurs in 2.2–2.8% of children under 3 years of age. Therapy is based on the elimination diet withoutcow´s milk protein, i. e. the administration of an extensive protein hydrolyzate formula or amino acid-based formula. This diseaseoccurs during the period of intense microbiota development, and it is known, that children with atopic disease have a different microbiomecomposition. The idea of using a combination of the amino acid-based formula with a synbiotic, can add bifidogenic benefit.

Nekróza podkožního tuku novorozence

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr. Tomáš Jimramovský, MUDr. Magdalena Rohanová

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 306 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.059  

Good advice in the medical office – it is good to try it

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr. Jan Papež, MUDr. Dana Dostálková

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 317-318  

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are commom in children. Clinical signs of UTI can be non-specific, espec. in children under 2 yearsof age. Urine collection is required for diagnosis of clinically suspected UTI or to determine the potential source of fever in theabsence of a clear clinical focus. Clean catch urine and Quick-Wee method are new non-invasive techniques for urine collectionand could find employment in practice.

Rozlúčka s profesorom MUDr. Lászlóom Kovácsom, DrSc., MPH(1950–2017)

Pediatr. praxi 2017; 18(5): 327-328