Co - kromě poděkování - může psychiatr nabídnout pediatrům

Radkin Honzák

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):163 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.031  

The growth intensity in preterm infants with extremely and very low birth weight according the type of enteral nutrition

doc. MUDr. Jiří Dort, Ph.D., MUDr. Barbora Karlová, MUDr. Romana Chocová, Ing. Petr Hošek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):168-172 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.032  

Objective: To find out 1) how many extremely and very low birth weight infants receive exclusively human milk, 2) to compare subgroups of extremely and very low birth weight infants fed with hydrolysed formulas versus standard cow’s milk formulas and finally 3) to assess differences in growth among the subgroups during first months of their life. Study population and methods: Retrospective study of enteral nutrition in extremely and very preterm infants (birth weight between 500 and 1 500 g) born in 2017. The type of enteral nutrition was taken from medical records. Investigated groups of infants – preterm infants fed...

News in childhood pain - Part 1

prof. PhDr. Jiří Mareš, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):173-176 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.033  

The review study is designed for practitioners for children and adolescents. In empirical part, it relies on international resources from 2001-2020. In introductory part, the study recall that when referencing empirical data obtained by foreign authors, the question arises as to how transferable the results and experiences are to another sociocultural environment. The first part of the study is devoted to the change that occurred after more than forty years: the International Association for the Study of Pain revised definition of pain it adopted in year 1979. The modified definition and its commentary reflected the progress made during this period...

How to optimally assemble a home first aid kit for children?

PharmDr. Lenka Sušilová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):178-182 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.034  

Every households with kids should contain a first aid for children. It is part of a premedical care and it helps to improve outcomes of a disease or an injury. This article presents common injuries and diseases, and prescribes a list of medical treatments and drugs to include in a first aid for such occasions.

The role of olfactory cues in lactation onset

Mgr. Jitka Třebická Fialová, Ph.D., Mgr. Lenka Kysilková, Mgr. Lenka Martinec Nováková, Ph.D., doc. Mgr. Jan Havlíček, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):184-188 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.035  

The initiation of lactation is a complex process influenced not only by physiological processes and mother's behaviour, but also by newborn's activity. Apart from various tactile, visual, and gustatory cues, a key role in breast localisation is played by olfactory cues originating from breast milk and areola glands secretion. The main aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge about the role of chemical communication between a mother and her infant related to the initiation of lactation and suggest a possible clinical use of odours in postnatal care. For instance, to soothe distressed newborns, enhance feeding and improve their health...

Implications of human milk lipids and formula feeding in infants and children

prof. MUDr. Josef Sýkora, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):189-195 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.036  

Lipids in human milk represent a major source of energy, but they also provide essential nutrients such as fat soluble vitamins, fatty acids and bioactive components. Milk lipids are primarily found as triacylglycerols (TG) inside fat globules accounting for over 98% of the fat content, and its composition in fatty acids defines its nutritional and physiological properties. The clinical trials exploring the effects of components from bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) concentrates and complex lipid preparations supplemented to infants have shown promising indications for safety and positive effects on infant neurodevelopment and cognitive functions,...

Lactase intolerance (Regarding the most common genetically conditioned metabolic disorder)

MUDr. Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):196-199 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.037  

About 70 % of the world population suffer from lactose intolerance, so called lactase non-persistence. It presents with abdominal pain, flatulence and diarrhea. Children under 5 years can generally tolerate lactose.

Pancytopenia in child with severe malnutrition and nutritional vitamin B₁₂ and folate deficiency

MUDr. Lenka Kršňáková, MUDr. Mgr. Tomáš Kuhn, doc. MUDr. Michal Hladík, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Hubert Mottl, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):200-203 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.038  

12-years-old boy with multiple comorbidities was admitted to the hospital for major weakness, lethargy and palor. There was pancytopenia in the blood count - macrocytic anemia with deep decrease of hemoglobin, leucocytopenia and trombocytopenia and higher level of hemolysis parameters. Bone marrow was hypocellular with marks of dyserythropoesis and myelopoesis and with no megakaryocytes. There were also low levels of vitamin B₁₂ and folate and also low levels of other vitamins and nutritional parameters in the serum. After parenteral vitamin B₁₂, other vitamins and makronutrients delivery quick improvement of clinical status and...

Primary sclerosing osteomyelitis Garré in an adolescent child

MUDr. Michaela Galková, MUDr. Jan Pavlíček, Ph.D., MUDr. Richard Kašpárek, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Pískovský, Ph.D., MUDr. Martina Pavlíková, doc. MUDr. Michal Hladík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):204-207 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.039  

Primary sclerosing osteomyelitis Garré is a rare chronic non-purulent inflammatory disease. It primarily affects young adults, mostly males. Characteristic are the intermittent pain in the affected bone, mild elevation of inflammatory parameters. There is no development of the overall septic condition. The mandibular area is often affected, where the origin of inflammation is carious teeth, or the disease affects the long bones, the tibia or femur. Diagnosis of this disease is based mainly on imaging methods (X-ray, magnetic resonance, and skeletal scintigraphy). It is essential to perform a biopsy from the affected area and exclude the malignant process....

Severe form of atopic dermatitis

MUDr. Kristýna Škopková, MUDr. Jan Potěšil, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):208-211 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.040  

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of multifactorial etiology, which frequently manifests with severe pruritus. In the Czech Republic, its prevalence is approximately 10% in preschool and school children and up to twice as much in infants. Atopic dermatitis can occur at any age and has an episodic course. The case report of a child with severe atopic dermatitis shows the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, adequate local and general pharmacotherapy and strict adherence to preventive measures. The etiopathogenesis of the disease, the possibilities of allergological diagnosis and treatment in pediatric patients are briefly...

Heart rhabdomyoma as an early sign of tuberous sclerosis

MUDr. Mária Najdeková, MUDr. Simona Mlynárová, MUDr. Jan Pavlíček, Ph.D., MUDr. Pavla Hanzlíková, Ph.D., MUDr. Eva Štěpánová, Romana Kaniová, doc. RNDr. Radek Vrtěl, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):212-216 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.041  

The incidence of primary heart tumors in the paediatric population is low. Rhabdomyomas are the most common tumors, they typically occur as multiple lesions, they are usually asymptomatic and have a favourable cardiac prognosis. In the case of cardiac rhabdomyomatosis, there exists a substantial risk of developing tuberous sclerosis, a severe multisystem disease with a predominant involvement of the central nervous system. The clinical presentation of tuberous sclerosis includes organic epilepsy, mental retardation, behavioural disorders and abnormalities of other organs. Authors present 3 case reports with prenatally or early postnatally echocardiographically...

Severe neonatal coagulopathy induced by labor trauma

MUDr. Iveta Matyáštíková, MUDr. Hana Wiedermannová, MUDr. Hana Burčková, doc. et doc. MUDr. Petr Vávra, Ph.D., MUDr. Jan Pavlíček, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):217-220 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.042  

Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) is a life-threatening condition resulting from an imbalance between the various parts of hemostatic mechanisms. All neonates are at risk for developing severe coagulopathy however DIC diagnosis is not common in newborns. In neonatal age, DIC is mainly associated with peripartum asphyxia and infection. The authors present a case report of a newborn with the development of DIC after a birth injuries abdominal organs. Acute surgery combined with intensive therapy for advanced coagulopathy has led to the successful cure of the newborn.

Magnetic foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract - two case reports and literature review

MUDr. Vojtěch Dotlačil, MUDr. Barbora Kučerová, Ph.D., MUDr. Dagmar Sovadinová, prof. MUDr. Jiří Šnajdauf, DrSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):221-224 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.043  

Among pediatric patients, the diagnosis of swallowing a foreign body is very common. In a minority of these cases, magnetic objects are swallowed. If more than one magnet is swallowed at a time, they can cause serious complications in the digestive tract. In this article, we present two case reports and discuss the possible complications, diagnostic approaches and treatment of these patients according to current evidence-based medicine.

Chilblains or covid toes?

MUDr. Vlasta Krausová, MUDr. Josef Vičar, MUDr. Jan Pajerek

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):225-226 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.044  

Chilblains-like skin lesions appearing on the hands and feet of predominantly younger healthy individuals without prior cold exposure may be an isolated skin manifestation of the covid-19 viral infectious disease. In this case report, we describe the case of a 16-year-old patient with a negative epidemiological history and the absence of a history of potential causes, who was examined on an outpatient basis for swelling and livid staining III.-V. finger of the left lower limb. Subsequent examination of the nasopharyngeal swab by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed presence of SARS-CoV-2. The presence of skin lesions may...

Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-19

MUDr. Jan Forejt, MUDr. Eva Sládková, MUDr. Michal Huml, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Josef Sýkora Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):227-231 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.045  

Authors present a new syndrome - MIS-C (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children) in the pediatric population that has emerged within the COVID-19 pandemic. Firstly the authors share their expiriences with the syndrome on two report cases. Secondly, etiology, diagnostics and therapy of MIS-C is discussed.

Prevention of sudden unexpected postnatal collapse

Mgr. Jaroslava Fendrychová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):237-239 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.049  

The article presents the sudden unexpected postnatal collapse of an otherwise healthy newborn as a relatively new diagnosis related to the so-called bonding which is based on skin to skin contact of the mother and the baby immediately after the birth. Though bonding contributes to the development of mutual emotional relationship between mother and infant, to the adaptation of the newborn to extrauterine life and early start of breastfeeding, the position on the belly which is used in this situation increases the risk of sudden unexpected collapse due to possible occlusion of the airways which can go unnoticed by the mother if she is not instructed...

Evaluation of the risk of falls in hospitalized children using the GRAF PIF scale (General Risk Assessment for Pediatric Inpatient Falls Scale)

doc. PhDr. Lucie Sikorová, Ph.D., Mgr. Michaela Cmorjaková

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):240-242 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.050  

Patient falls belong to the most frequent adverse events in healthcare institutions and they are considered to be a quality indicator of nursery care. Active search for risk patients by means of screening evaluation methods is a part of falls prevention. There are many scales for evaluation of the risk of falls in adult population, but these are not suitable for paediatric patients. One of the world's well-known and used methods suitable for capturing the risk of falls in children aged from 12 months is the scale General Risk Assessment for Paediatric Inpatient Falls Scale (GRAF PIF). The paper acquaints the reader with this screening tool and presents...

Giant seminal vesicle cyst associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis Zinner syndrome

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., doc. MUDr. Oldřich Šmakal, Ph.D., MUDr. Hana Flögelová, Ph.D., MUDr. Zuzana Vyoralová, MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):234-236 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.048  

Zinner's syndrome (ZS), an association of a cyst of seminal vesicles in combination with ipsilateral agenesis of the kidney, is an extremely rare congenital malformation. We present a case report of a six-year-old patient with ZS. Magnetic resonance (MR) examination of the abdomen and pelvis confirmed renal agenesis and elucidated the cystic dilatation of the ipsilateral seminal vesicle, which compressed and dislocated the bladder. Due to the huge size of the cyst, surgical excision was recommended.

Fyziologické hormonální reakce u novorozence

MUDr. Lenka Ratzenbeková, MUDr. Simona Kontuľová, MUDr. Petra Borůvková, MUDr. Jiří Havránek

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):232 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.046  

Covidové prsty

prof. MUDr. František Kopřiva, Ph.D, MUDr. Petr Džubák, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(3):233 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.047