Pediatrics for Practice, 2021, issue 5

Editorial

Pediatr a rodič – cesta mírného pokroku v mezích zákona

MUDr. Martin Gregora

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):303

Review articles

How toxic are raw beans?

prof. MUDr. Daniela Pelclová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):308-311 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.064

Raw beans contain several toxic substances and can cause poisoning. Unfortunately, this is not generally known in the Czech population, so there are common cases of ingestions by children and adults, leading to toxic manifestations. Over the last 10 years, the Toxicological Information Center (TIC) has answered almost 500 calls from lay people and healthcare professionals concerning the first aid and treatment of these poisonings. Symptoms usually included vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. For first aid and inactivation of fasin and cyanogenic glycosides, which occur mainly in decorative and exotic beans, it is necessary to administer activated...

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis: one disease with many faces

doc. MUDr. Jakub Zieg, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Sylva Skálová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):312-314 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.065

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis is an acute glomerular inflammation that results from the preceding infection. Although multiple infectious agents can cause acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis, Streptococcus pyogenes remains the most common etiology of the disease. The clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic state to severe forms of nephritic syndrome or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Decreased C3 complement level is typically associated with this type of glomerulonephritis. The therapy is mainly supportive, early diagnosis and management of hypertension is important. The prognosis is mostly favourable, however, long-term...

Ingrown toenails in children

Mgr. Jaroslav Fešar, MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):315-318 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.066

Ingrown and curved toenails are among common lower limb problems in both children and adults. They may lead to painful complications and, not uncommonly, to permanent changes in the nail bed and lateral nail folds. The big toe is affected most commonly, although the problem may occur in all toes. A number of procedures have been described for correcting toenails, using either conservative or surgical approaches. Paediatricians are typically the first contact for patients suffering from toenail problems. These can be acute, resulting from a one-off improper nail trimming procedure or injury, and chronic which the parents of young patients are usually...

Pharmacotherapeutic management of cough: using phytopharmaceuticals and other substances of natural origin in the treatment of cough in children

PharmDr. MVDr. Vilma Vranová, Ph.D., PharmDr. Karel Vašut, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):319-324 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.067

Cough is among the characteristic symptoms of upper respiratory tract disease. The treatment of cough has been described extensively, but choosing the proper treatment requires the knowledge of physiological and pathophysiological processes that underlie cough. In addition to expectorants and antitussive drugs, other groups of chemical medicines, herbal remedies as well as other substances, such as honey or menthol, can be used for successful treatment of cough in the practice.

High resolution manometry in children with constipation - pseudoincontinence versus constipation

MUDr. Ivana Slívová, MUDr. Alžběta Podolová, MUDr. Dmitrij Klymenko, doc. MUDr. Peter Ihnát, Ph.D., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):326-329 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.068

Constipation is a very common reason for children to visit the general paediatrician or gastroenterologist. Long-term problems regarding stools emptying lead to pain, anxiety and mental alteration. If not treated, the constipation symptoms worsen with the development of pseudoincontinence and stool retention. The therapy is complex and prolonged. Anorectal manometry is a diagnostic method evaluating the functional parameters of anorectal activity. In the monitored period (2016-2021), a total of 94 paediatric patients with symptoms of constipation underwent a anorectal manometry at the Surgical Department of the University Hospital Ostrava. We present...

Need and possibilities of prevention of cannabis use (especially marijuana) of children and youth

prof. PhDr. Ingrid Emmerová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):330-332 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.069

The author deals with the problem of marijuana use in children and youth in the Czech Republic and in the Slovak Republic. The article reveals official statistics by the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic and the National Health Information Centre of the Slovak Republic. The current situation in the area of marijuana use of children and youth convinces us of the need of effective prevention and the necessity to develop a more effective prevention of drug addiction. The author points out the necessity to professionalise the processes of prevention at primary and secondary schools with special regard to the activities...

Case report

When cough, runny nose and ear pain are not a trivial disease

MUDr. Vendula Martinů, MUDr. Petr Koťátko, MUDr. Jiří Havránek, MUDr. Jiří Uhlík, Ph.D., MUDr. Václav Koucký, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):337-341 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.071

The authors present a case of two sisters with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Both girls were treated with incorrect diagnosis for several years. The authors' aim is to point out to the disease where careful assessment of history is a direct clue to the diagnosis. Early determination of the diagnosis is the most important prevention in development of severe lung damage with bronchiectasis. This is the most serious complication and limitation for next patient´s life. The authors have the opinion that the care of patients with PCD should be centralized consistent with worldwide trend. This disease is underestimated in the whole world and it is undoubtedly...

Invasive candidiasis as a life-threatening complication in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

MUDr. Gabriela Matznerová, MUDr. Mgr. Tomáš Kuhn, MBAce, MUDr. Bohumír Blažek, MUDr. Tomáš Zaoral, Ph.D., Mgr. Radim Dobiáš, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Michal Hladík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):342-345 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.072

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents 25 % of childhood tumors and it´s the most frequent cancer in children. ALL treatment is based on combined chemotherapy. Long-lasted treatment is now achieved in up to 90 % of patients. The disease is accompanied by a number of complications. The most prevalent complications include bacterial and fungal infections caused by common and opportunistic pathogens. Fungal infections make up 40 % of all infectious complications. We present the case of a 2year-old girl of Asian origin with manifestations of invasive candidiasis diagnosed during the induction phase of treatment of ALL complicated by life-threatening...

Magnetic beads in gastrointestinal tract

MUDr. Eva Karásková, Ph.D., MUDr. Miloš Geryk, doc. MUDr. Radek Vrba, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Malý, Ph.D., FEBPS, MUDr. Jakub Čivrný, prof. MUDr. Dagmar Pospíšilová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):346-348 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.073

The incidence of swalowing magnetic foreign bodies increases in children, often in the form of balls, cubes etc., which are part of toys. These magnets are often small, making it easy to accidentally swallow them. If more than one magnetic foreign body is ingested, serious complications can occur, especially perforation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Case reports

Case of the Lyme disease in winter months

MUDr. Tereza Zedníčková, MUDr. Veronika Paťavová

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):334-336 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.070

Lyme disease is the most common infectious disease transmitted by ticks in the Czech Republic. It is a zoonosis caused by spirochetes of the genus Borrelia. At greatest risk of disease are children between 5 to 9 years and adults over 55 years. Clinical skin manifestations of lyme disease are divided into three stages: Localised Lyme disease, Early disseminated Lyme disease, both a and Late Lyme disease, which occur months or years after infection. Lyme disease can also affect other part of the body like central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, heart, the eyes and other organs.

For nurses

Participation of parents in the pain evaluation of children in preschool and early school age

Mgr. Andrea Schönbauerová, Ph.D., Mgr. Alena Machová, Mgr. Věra Hellerová, Ph.D., prof. PhDr. Valérie Tóthová, Ph.D., Bc. Simona Berková

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):354-356 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.076

The article presents partial results of a research survey that examined the possibility of involving parents in pain assessment. We found that from the point of view of nurses, the verbal statement of a child and a parent plays a crucial role, even in preschool and early school age. However, in these age groups it is important to supplement verbal testimony and other assessment tools, including a thorough observation of painful symptoms. The effective participation of the parent in the evaluation is possible only if the parent is sufficiently educated and actively cooperates with the nursing staff. Because a parent usually knows their child well, they...

Providing perinatal palliative care in nursing care in neonatology

Mgr. Miroslava Kachlová, doc. PhDr. Radka Bužgová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):357-359 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.077

Perinatal palliative care is part of nursing care in intensive care units about a newborn. It is an active, holistic care aimed at preventing and alleviating the pain and suffering of newborns and supporting families. The aim of the survey study was to define and analyze and to map the provision of perinatal palliative care in neonatology nursing care. The overview study was prepared on the basis of professional licensed and freely available electronic databases, 14 studies were selected for analysis. There were found 3 qualitative studies, 2 quantitative studies, 6 review articles and 3 studies focused on guidelines, which define the standards of...

Clinicoradiological diagnosis

Neonatal colon atresia with partial syndactyly

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Vojtěch Bodnár, MUDr. Jakub Čivrný, MUDr. Kamila Michálková, MUDr. Jiří Kysučan, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):351-353 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2021.075

The colon is a relatively uncommon site for intestinal atresia, with an estimated incidence of 5-15% of all intestinal atresias in neonates. Although CA may be isolated, it is more commonly reported in literature in association with other congenital anomalies. We present a case of a type I sigmoid atresia with a partial syndactyly on the left hand.

Information

Baby led weaning

MUDr. Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2021;22(5):360-361

Baby-led weaning is an approach to introducing solid foods in which infants at least 6 months of age feed themselves all of their food from the start of complementary feeding.