Quo vadis, dětská nefrologie?

doc. MUDr. Jakub Zieg, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):223-224  

Diagnosis and management of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children

doc. MUDr. Jakub Zieg, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Sylva Skálová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):230-234 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.061  

Idiopathic steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome is the most common pediatric glomerulopathy. Most of the patients have favorable outcome, however 50% of children suffer from frequently relapsing course or they are steroid dependent. At present, several steroid sparing agents are available, which are administered to induce sustained remission and to prevent steroid side effects. Here, we review current knowledge in diagnostics and management of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children.

An uprising of pyogenic streptococci

MUDr. Richard Retamoza, MUDr. Martin Gregora, RNDr. Jana Fleischmannová, PharmDr. Eva Šimečková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):235-238 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.062  

Streptococcus pyogenes is the most frequent cause of bacterial pharyngitis and tonsilitis in school-age children. Peak incidence of the disease is during winter months and the early spring. Outbreaks in schools and kindergartens are frequently reported. Other common diseases caused by the bacteria are scarlet fever and impetigo. Rarely we have been used to see more severe forms of pyogenic streptococcal infections in children. However it seems that situation has changed in many countries after the end of covid-19 pandemic. Apart from higher incidence of common infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes there is a rise in atypical clinical manifestations...

Prevention, diagnosis and therapy of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children

MUDr. Michal Frelich, Ph.D., MUDr. Filip Burša, Ph.D., MUDr. Peter Sklienka, Ph.D., MUDr. Vojtěch Vodička, MUDr. Markéta Nowaková, MBA, MUDr. Ondřej Jor, Ph.D., MUDr. Bořek Trávníček, MBA, doc. MUDr. Jan Pavlíček, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):239-243 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.063  

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common postoperative complication with overall incidence of 20-30 %, however, with high risk procedures it increases up to 80 %. PONV is the main cause of the patient´s discomfort, worsens perioperative morbidity and put the child at risk of dehydratation, dehiscence of surgical wound and bleeding. PONV prolongs the lenght of stay (PACU, in-hospital care). The cornerstone of PONV management is the identification of high risk pediatric patients and an adequate pre-operative pharmacological prevention. Dexamethasone and ondansetron (or their combination) are the first line medications. In case of failure,...

Back pain in children

MUDr. Irina Chmelová, Ph.D., MBA, doc. MUDr. Dalibor Pastucha, Ph.D., MBA, MUDr. Anna Šilarová, doc. PhDr. Radana Jesenická, Ph.D., Ing. Mgr. Jakub Wrona

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):245-248 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.064  

The occurrence of back pain in children is less frequent than in adults, newer literature references point to a relatively high incidence, with only a part of patients seeking medical care. Alarming are the findings that the incidence of back pain, especially in the lumbar region, is on the rise. Most cases of children's back pain are classified as functional pain, when the cause of the problem is not organic, but mostly muscle imbalance and long-term overuse. The cause of these conditions is primarily a bad lifestyle. Failure to address the causes of problems in this category of pediatric patients poses a risk of worsening problems in adulthood.

Renal vascular thrombosis in newborn

MUDr. Nikoleta Števulová, MUDr. Josef Gut

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):251-253 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.065  

Renal vascular thrombosis is a rare disease with possible serious outcome. At least one of the three cardinal signs is present in majority of pacients: macro or microscopic hematuria, thrombocytopenia, palpable abdominal mass. The occurence of renal vein thrombosis is more common than renal arterial thrombosis. Standard diagnostic methods are ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound scan. Management and treatment options include supportive therapy, anticoagulation therapy and thrombolytic therapy, which is preferably used for organ or life threatening events. Recent diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines are illustrated by presentation of two cases of renal...

Renal vascular thrombosis in newborn

MUDr. Nikoleta Števulová, MUDr. Josef Gut, MUDr. Hana Záhorová, MUDr. Lenka Pokorná Klímová, MUDr. Patrik Hitka, MUDr. Jana Vojtíšková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):254-256 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.066  

In the second part of the article are presented recent diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines by two cases of renal vein thrombosis in term newborns.

Osteomyelitis in newborn

MUDr. Bára Zapletalová, MUDr. Jiří Náhlovský, MUDr. Pavel Rejtar, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Matějek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):257-260 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.067  

Osteomyelitis (OM) is a severe infectious disease with potential lifelong consequences affecting all age groups. In neonatal period the premature newborns and the newborns with risk factors, e.g. loss of skin barrier integrity, are affected more frequently. The main pathogenic mechanism is hematogenous spread of a bacterial infection. This contributes to a multifocal nature of the disease. Regarding the subtle clinical signs and relatively significant incidence in the neonatal intensive care units, we would like to present a case report of a complicated osteomyelitis in a term newborn.

Barriers to the provision of palliative care in neonatology from the perspective of nurses

Mgr. Miroslava Kachlová, DiS., doc. PhDr. Radka Bužgová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):269-271 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.070  

The topic of palliative care in neonatology has been very topical recently, and proper implementation in practice requires a multidisciplinary effort, with nurses being an essential part of the team. Qualitative research was conducted to study the issue, which led to the identification of barriers that were further categorized. It was noted that providing palliative care in neonatology is challenging for nurses in emotional aspects, collaboration and support of parents of dying newborn is difficult and support of the whole team is not adequately provided. The personality of the nurse is very important; the specifics of her work consist in ensuring...

Acute suppurative cervical lympadenitis in an adolescent girl caused by coagulase negative stafylococci

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Zbyněk Novák, Mgr. Pavla Kučová, Ph.D., RNDr. Petr Petráš, CSc., MUDr. Kamila Michalková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):262-266 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.068  

Cervical lymphadenopathy in children usually has an infectious or reactive etiology, but patients with persistent findings, adolescent age and accompanying systemic symptoms or abnormal laboratory findings should undergo an early biopsy. In our fifteen-year-old girl, who observed cervical lymphomegaly for 4 weeks without improvement, Staphylococcus saprophyticus was cultured from a peroperative biopsy. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) represent the main part of the microflora of the skin and mucous membranes of humans, but they can also be used as important opportunistic pathogens.

Probiotics for the management of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders

MUDr. Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):272  

Despite the evidence supporting the use of specific probiotics in some clinical situations, further studies confirming the effects defining the type, dose and timing of probiotics are still often required. Taking probiotics without proven health benefits is not supported by evidence-based medicine.

Nutrition in toddlers (American Academy of Physicians)

MUDr. Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):273  

Establishing eating habits that contribute to lifelong nutritional habits and overall health begins in toddlerhood. During this time, children acquire the motor skills needed to develop preferences that influence their food choices.

Subkonjunktivální sufuze při akutní glomerulonefritidě

MUDr. Jiří Bufka, MUDr. Jan Schwarz, MUDr. Jiří Fremuth, Ph.D., MUDr. Eva Sládková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):268 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.069  

Prevention and therapy of influenza conditions: some modalities

MUDr. Pavel Kostiuk, CSc., PharmDr. Lucie Kotlářová, PharmDr. Zdeněk Procházka

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):274-278  

Viral respiratory diseases (regardless of the type of the causing virus), which are manifested by a clinical picture resembling influenza (high temperature, cough, sore throat) are referred to as "influenza-like illness" (ILI), or flu conditions. Treatment of these diseases is usually symptomatic (except for antiviral drugs that can be used for "true" flu). Due to the dominant role of the state of the immune system in the development and course of these diseases, immunostimulation has a dominant position in prevention and treatment. One possibility is the flu vaccination, but this only targets the "true" flu, while not affecting the risk of other ILIs....

Prémiové kojenecké mléko s probiotiky, prebiotiky a HMO: Výhody pro zdravý růst a imunitu dětí

RNDr. Pavel Ježek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(4):357