Jak já to vidím – pediatrie na scestí/rozcestí 

Luděk Ryba

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):347

Is it necessary to vaccinate us, healthcare workers?

MUDr. Šárka Rumlarová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):352-356 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.067

Healthcare workers are exposed to many infections in the course of their work. At the same time, healthcare workers can be a source of infection for the patients they care for. Vaccination of healthcare workers therefore plays an important role in improving the safety of both patients and healthcare workers. Vaccination against viral hepatitis B or hepatitis A, and in certain circumstances rabies or measles, is mandatory for healthcare workers. In addition, vaccination against influenza, covid-19, pertussis, meningococcal disease and varicella is recommended for healthcare workers.

The influence of obesity on the onset of puberty and the menstrual cycle

MUDr. Helena Neumannová, IFEPAG

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):357-360 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.068

Obesity is not a new phenomenon, however the obesity epidemic in the last few decades - with further acceleration in the time of Covid 19 - is caused not only by genetic factors, but also by lifestyle and environment (nutrition, physical activity, perinatal programming). Obesity usually leads to insulin resistance, when cells cannot respond sufficiently to the action of insulin, which leads to its overproduction, to hyperinsulinemia. Increased insulin levels stimulate the ovaries to overproduce androgens, and androgens can further wor­sen insulin resistance and increase blood insulin levels. This creates a vicious circle where hyperinsulinemia and...

Probiotics and infant nutrition - part two

prof. MUDr. Josef Sýkora, Ph.D., MUDr. Marek Vébr, MUDr. Jiří Bufka, MUDr. Jan Schwarz, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):362-366 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.069

The most common probiotic strains fortified with infant and toddler formulas in the last decade include Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938, Bifidobacterium breve (BC50), Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, Lactobacillus fermentum (CECT5716), Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum BB536, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis ATCC 15697, LMG11588 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG).

Tubulointerstitial nephritis

MUDr. Patrik Konopásek

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):367-371 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.070

Tubulointersticial nephritis (TIN) is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury. Establishing the diagnosis is often delayed due to its nonspecific symptoms and results of laboratory methods. Drug-induced TIN is the most frequent form of TIN, followed by systemic diseases, and infections. Spontaneous resolution often occurs without the need for extensive examination or treatment, especially when a thorough medical history is obtained and the medication associated with TIN is discontinued early. However, kidney biopsy, along with extensive examinations, is sometimes necessary to determine the etiology of TIN. Patients with acute TIN who do not show spontaneous...

The key role of the general practitioner for children and adolescents in the context of the emerging national addiction prevention system

prof. PhDr. Michal Miovský, Ph.D., Mgr. Tadeáš Samuel Zborník

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):372-377 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.071

The use of addictive substances and the development of the so-called non-attractive addictions has become one of the most important topics in the context of the so-called non-infectious epidemics of the present time. The deterioration of the situation as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic is especially noticeable among younger age groups of patients and their families. Especially for them, the urgency to create a sustainable, safe and effective national system of addiction prevention, including screening and short interventions (i.e. the hitherto neglected obligations of all healthcare workers resulting from Act No. 65/2017 Coll.) has increased by leaps...

Salivary biomarkers of dental caries

prof. MUDr. Vlasta Merglová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):378-383 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.072

Dental caries is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases of childhood. In addition to excessive sugar intake and presence of dental microbial plaque, other risk factors related to dental caries are the composition of hard dental tissues and saliva. Saliva can reflect the physiological and pathological state of the oral cavity and plays a crucial role in the initiation of dental caries and protection against dental caries. Many measurable characteristics of saliva are potential biomarkers for dental caries - salivary flow rate, salivary pH, buffering capacity, evaluation of the presence and amount of cariogenic bacteria. The major salivary...

Releasing pupils from physical education from the perspective of law and inclusive education

Mgr. Ondřej Ješina, Ph.D., JUDr. Maxim Tomoszek, Ph.D., PhDr. Jitka Vařeková, Ph.D., PhDr. Kamil Kotlík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):384-389 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.073

Despite the existence of international treaties and strategic documents that oblige the education system in the Czech Republic to ensure equal access to education for every child, unjustified exemption from school physical education is a frequently used reality in our country. This possibility created by legislation has serious negative consequences. Excessive use of exemptions leads to the creation of barriers to access to physical activities for a significant group of pupils and to their exclusion from the physical development part of education throughout further education (physical education, swimming and skiing courses, physical competitions and...

Burns in children and their consequences: Practical scar care

MUDr. Júlia Bartková, MBA, MPH, Lívia Petrásšková, Ema Knezovičová, Barbora Karoľová, MUDr. Iva Tresnerová

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):390-397 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.074

The treatment of scars in pediatric burn patients es a combination of non-surgical and surgical approaches aimed at minimizing scar formation and improving both functional and aesthetic outcomes. Non-surgical options commonly include compression therapy, silicone applications, and moisturizers to promote scar maturation and hydration. Corticosteroids are used for their anti-inflammatory effects, while botulinum toxin and 5-fluorouracil help reduce scar hypertrophy. Advanced laser treatments, play a key role in scar remodeling. Other non-invasive therapies include intralesional and surface cryotherapy, as well as intense pulsed light (IPL), which helps...

Juvenile xanthogranuloma in newborn and infant age

MUDr. Jiří Bufka, MUDr. Ilona Ngoc Šleisová, MUDr. Magdalena Daumová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):398-400 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.075

Juvenile xanthogranuloma, benign, proliferative disorder, most common of the non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, mentioned in the article with regard to its histopathological background, clinical evaluation, diagnostic, differential diagnosis and treatment.

Thrombotic events in newborns

MUDr. Ondřej Zapletal, Ph.D., MUDr. Pavel Mazánek

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):402-406 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.076

Introduction: Thrombotic events are a relatively rare disease in the neonatal period. They usually occur as a complication of another disease or its treatment, with infection, childbirth complications and the insertion of a catheter into a vessels being an important risk factor. Current recommendations for the treatment and prophylaxis of thrombosis in newborns are based on the 9th ACCP consensus and the recent recommendations of ASH and ISTH. Heparins (unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)) are the drug of choice for initial treatment. The treatment strategy for newborns differs in some aspects from the treatment of...

Dubin-Johnson syndrom - case report

MUDr. Marek Vebr

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):408-409 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.077

The article on Dubin-Johnson syndrome summarizes the basic knowledge of this condition. It further discusses the significance of genetic testing when there is a suspicion of this disease. In conclusion, a brief case report is presented.

Incidence of skin injuries in newborns in 2020-2023

Mgr. Jaroslava Fendrychová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):415-417 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.079

The article mentions the results of a survey of the occurrence of skin injuries in newborns, which took place in 2023 in perinatological centers and in three other medical facilities in the Czech Republic. It compares the results with a similar survey that took place in 2020 and 2022. The results of the survey in 2023 showed that the total number of skin injuries in newborns in monitored healthcare facilities gradually decreased from the original 537 in 2020 to 428 in 2022 to 367 in 2023. The most common type of skin injury also changed, namely extravasation/infiltration in 2020 to erosions/excoriations in 2022 and 2023. Of the procedures used, the...

Congenital hemangioma of the neck with complete regression

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Brožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Michálková, MUDr. Jan Hálek, Ph.D., MUDr. Bohumil Zálešák, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2024;25(6):411-414 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2024.078

Congenital hemangiomas (CH) are established in utero and belong to the group of benign vascular tumors that reach their growth peak at birth and do not progress further. They differ from infantile hemangiomas (IH) not only in their clinical, radiological and histological picture, but also in their behaviour and therapeutic approach. The authors describe a case of a newborn boy with a neck KH of 30 × 20 × 30 mm. Ultrasonographic examination in color mapping showed an increased echogenic formation in the subcutaneous tissue with slightly increased blood supply. Complete spontaneous regression of KH occurred at the age of 12 months.