Pediatrics for Practice, 2015, issue 1

Editorial

Pediatrie na začátku 21. století očima praktického lékaře pro děti a dorost

MUDr. Jarmila Seifertová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1)

Review articles

Thyroid associated orbitopathy in children

MUDr.Marcela Dvořáková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):12-16

Thyroid associated orbitopathy is a chronic eyes disease associated with autoimmune reaction against the thyroid gland. Chronic inflammation affectes all orbital structures- orbital fat and connective tissue, extraocular muscles, tear glands and orbital septum. Increasing orbital volume cases eye replacement, disorder of the venous outflow and causes changes of the muscle elastic properties which in turn start pulling the eyeball backwards. The patients with Graves-Basedow tyreotoxikosis are most often occured, less in the chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. Incidence of the thyroid associated orbitopathy isn´t so frequent in children as in adults,...

Influence of human milk oligosaccharides on the gut microbiota of the newborn

Ing.Šárka Musilová, Ph.D., prof.Ing.Vojtěch Rada, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):17-19

The protective effect of breast milk was known from the beginning of the twentieth century, when mortality in breastfed infants was seven times lower than infants fed infant formula. Currently, despite the enormous progress in pediatric medicine is risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in formula-fed infants still higher than in breastfed infants. Recent studies indicate the development of atopy, diabetes mellitus, and childhood obesity of formula fed infants. Therefore, breast milk and its components are still being studied many scientists. Some mechanisms of its protective effects are not yet fully understood. Among the big unknown is structure...

What a pediatrician should have to know about a very low birth weight newborn?

MUDr.Eva Dortová, doc.MUDr.Jiří Dort, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):20-23

The authors present the topic of newborns with a a very low birht weight under 1 500 grams. They review the principles of humanisation of the care, latest quidelines of the treatment of serious diagnosis of their early and late morbidity and their longterm outcome. They stress the importace of the continuity of the developmental care, whitch starts during the stay on neonatal intensive care units and goes on after the dismission in the primary care and in centres of developmental care in some regions.

Fractured child - recommendation for diagnostics and treatment

doc.MUDr.Zdeněk Šumník, Ph.D., MUDr.Ondřej Souček Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):24-27

The International Society for Clinical Densitometry has recently published new guidelines for diagnostics of osteoporosis in children. These recommendations cope with the diagnostics of children with repeated fractures in a very precise and comprehensive way. Calcium, vitamin D and an adequate physical activity are frequently used for the prophylaxis of osteoporosis, bisphosphonates should be administered in the most severe cases. Other therapeutic possibilities (parathormone, denosumab) are a topic of upcoming clinical studies.

Virus infections and immunity support

MUDr.Eva Daňková, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):28-32

Viral infections caused by pathogenic viruses are very diverse, but most commonly physicians are faced with viral respiratory tract infections in their clinics. If children suffer from frequent viral infections practitioners or specialists may also try to influence the reactivity of the immune system using immunomodulatory therapy. The main representatives of immunomodulators with antiviral effect are Isoprinosine and Imunor. We can take advantage of the immunomodulatory potential of bacterial immunomodulators, too. Sufficient level of vitamin D is also important for antiviral immunity and of course following a healthy lifestyle. The most effective...

Allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics in children

MUDr.Jaromír Paukert, MUDr.Eliška Kopelentová, MUDr.Ludmila Dvořáková

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):33-36

Penicillin and other beta-lactams are among the most commonly prescribed antibiotic groups. It is also a group with most frequently reported allergic reacions. The majority od patients are classified as penicillin allergic based on clinical evaluation only without further additional testing. False diagnosis of a penicillin allergy then leads to overuse of alternative, usually broad spectrum antibiotics with a high rate of associated side effects, thus increasing microbial resistence and treatment cost. Thorough evalution of a suspected beta- -lactam allergy involves detailed patient history and examination, skin tests, laboratory tests and...

Selected viral and bacterial infections transmitted perinatally - sexually transmitted infections

doc.RNDr.Vanda Boštíková, Ph.D., MUDr.Petr Prášil, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Miloslav Salavec, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Pavel Boštík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):37-39

Perinatal and neonatal care are very important especially for endangered and pathological pregnancies and newborn endangered perinatally. Perinatology includes the care of the pregnant woman, fetus and newborn during the development of the fetus through the birth, as well as the postpartum period, specifically during early and late neonatal period, i.e. 28 days after birth. Infectious diseases related to pregnancy are transmitted in three ways in general: through the placenta during pregnancy, perinatally during the labor either by aspiration of amniotic fluid, or by inoculation of infectious agents into the skin or mucosa of a child, or in...

Common cold - what we should say to parents

doc.MUDr.Ivan Novák, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):40-41

The article deals with the common cold, colds in children in terms of epidemiology, treatment at home and current attitudes to treatment. Because most of the common cold can be treated at home data in the article may help the practitioner for children in the education of parents.

Case report

Scrotal hematoma - an unusual sign of adrenal hemorrhage

prof.MUDr.Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr.Tomáš Jimramovský, MUDr.Zdeňka Ráčilová, MUDr.Tomáš Kadlčík, MUDr.Magdalena Rohanová, MUDr.Linda Skutková

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):42-44

Adrenal hemorrhage is a relatively uncommon condition in neonates. Usually is adrenal hemorrhage asymptomatic and diagnosed accidentally. We present a neonate with left adrenal hemorrhage presenting as contralateral scrotal hematoma. Abdominal ultrasonography should be performed to determine adrenal hemorrhage in newborns with scrotal swelling or bluish inguinoscrotal discoloration.

During childhood unrecognized congenital heart defect in patient with Turner syndrome, and its implications

MUDr.Eva Klásková, MUDr.Zbyněk Tüdös, Ph.D., MUDr.Sabina Kaprálová, doc.MUDr.Jiřina Zapletalová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):45-47

Congenital heart disease affects approximately 50 % of individuals with Turner syndrome (TS). Bicuspid aortic valve, aortic coarctation, ascending aorta dilatation and arterial hypertension are important risk factors for life-threatening aortic dissection or rupture. Authors discuss the importance of a careful cardiac examination including cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study and life-long follow-up by experienced cardiologist in TS patients, and point out high maternal mortality and morbidity during pregnancy. They present a case report of woman with TS and the above-mentioned in childhood unrecognized congenital heart defects that underwent...

Pure red cell aplasia caused by congenital parvovirus B19 infection

MUDr.Kateřina Hurtová, MUDr.Daniela Procházková

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):48-50

Human parvovirus B19 most commonly causes fifth disease (erythema infectiosum) in children and acute polyarthropathy or rash in adults. Transmission of infection occurs through respiratory secretions, blood-derived products or vertically from mother to fetus. Intrauterine infection by parvovirus B19 can subside spontaneously, or it can cause severe fetal morbidity and mortality. Parvovirus B19 infection must not be excluded in all cases of fetal hydrops and chronic erythroblastopenia diagnosed in the neonatal period or during the early infancy. This is our case report of a patient with congenital aplastic anemia caused by parvovirus B19 infection.

For nurses

The Role of a Nurse in Care of a Patient with Mononucleosis

Bc.Soňa Lažanská, Mgr.Alena Machová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):59-61

Infectious mononucleosis belongs to relatively widespread viral infectious diseases in the Czech Republic. Epstein-Baar virus (EBV) participates in occurrence of the infection by 80 %, more rarely be caused by cytomegalovirus. Each individual factually suffers from infection caused by EBV during his/her life, however its course is unapparent in most cases. An affected individual or an individual not affected, who is a virus carrier may be considered the source of the infection. Infectious mononucleosis usually affects children and teenagers, in older individuals is quite rare. A nurse plays a very substantial role in client care. She has to...

Clinicoradiological diagnosis

Bartonella henselae infection as a cause of unilateral epitrochlear suppurative necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis

prof.MUDr.Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr.Katarína Procházková, doc.MUDr.Dagmar Pospíšilová, Ph.D., MUDr.Tomáš Malý, Ph.D., MUDr.Lucie Tučková, MUDr.Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):51-53

We report the case of an otherwise healthy, 14-year-old girl having a one-week history of a skin lesion and concomitant unilateral epitrochlear and axillary lymphadenopathy. She had no systemic illness and noted no improvement with a course of amoxicillin and gentamycine. Examination of left epitrochlear area revealed a red, tender fluctuant lymf node measuring 2 by 2 cm. The child reported having regular contact with kitten and remembered being scratched by one week earlier, shortly before the mass appeared. She underwent drainage following lymph node extirpation and a course of doxycycline, with clinical improvement. Bartonella henselae infection...

At a glance

Nail diseases - treated by pediatrician or dermatologist?

MUDr.Jana Čadová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):56-58

Pathology changes of the nails are very common at pediatricians and also at dermatologists, although they are not the main reason of the visit. Very often they occur temporary and resolve spontaneously, but sometimes they are a part of the other skin or systemic disease. The accurate diagnosis is important for prognosis and therapy. In this article are presented common and also rare nail diseases of childhood.

Law in medicine

Pitfall of edification by nurse

JUDr.Šárka Špeciánová

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):62-63

Information about the nature of disease and about the treatment procedures offered to the patient are all too often the only information on the basis of which the patient shall make a decision on accepting or refusing certain treatment. If the patient´s decision is to be a valid one and if the informed consent is to be a due and proper expression of patient´s will, he or she needs a sufficient amount of information that must be provided to him or her. In the real life, we may encounter various situations which may lead to patient´s complaint or even a lawsuit. Purpose of this article is to outline possible pitfalls of having the patient informed...

Orbis Pictus Medicus

Pes cavus

MUDr.Dominika Cvalínová, MUDr.Veronika Schwarzová, MUDr.Eva Sládková, MUDr.Kateřina Pizingerová, Ph.D., MUDr.Věra Amblerová, MUDr.Radka Jaklová, MUDr.et Ing.Radek Tupý, MUDr.Pavel Hořák, prof.MUDr.Josef Sýkora, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2015;16(1):54-55