Lakování narůžovo aneb přestaňme ve správný okamžik lakovat 

prof. MUDr. Kateřina Bouchalová, Ph.D., Mgr. et Mgr. Martina Friedlová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):3

Indigestion of infectious origin in children

MUDr. Helena Ambrožová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):7-12 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.002

Digestive problems in children are very often of infectious origin and manifest themselves mostly as diarrhea, less often as liver damage. In 2023, a total of 37 706 diarrheal diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites were reported in the Czech Republic. The most common are campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis and viral intestinal infections, mainly rotaviruses and noroviruses. The article discusses the etiology, epidemiology, clinical picture, complications, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of the most common intestinal infections in children.

Introduction to the issue of acid-base balance

MUDr. Jiří Havránek, MUDr. Pavel Heinige, MUDr. Simona Kontuľová, MUDr. Lesia Kollárová, MUDr. Julia Formanová, MUDr. Andrea Navrátilová

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):14-16 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.003

The authors of this article want to present acide-base balance in a broader context. Understanding the whole issue is imperative to clinical approach to these disorders. This article will be an introduction to the whole context. We will introduce the principle of maintaining a constant pH, as it defined by the so-called Copenhagen school. The variables (H⁺, pH, HCO₃^- a pCO₂) and their interrelation will be introduced between metabolic and respiratory disorders. In the equations below, we can not only precisely define the type of fault, but to express the presence of combinated faults and the possibility of...

Emotionaly unstable adolescents – diagnostics and therapy

doc. PhDr. Jana Kocourková, MUDr. Jiří Koutek, Ph.D., MUDr. Tereza Strnadová, MUDr. Kryštof Kantor

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):17-21

Emotionaly unstable adolescents represent a large group of patients currently dealt with pedopsychiatric facilities, both outpatient and inpatient. The vast majority are adolescent girl who come mainly for anxiety – depressive symptoms, self harm and suicidal behavior. Emotional instability in adolescence represents a spektrum of severity, starting with emotional lability common in adolescence, up to disturbances in personality development, which in the most serious case can reset in emotionally unstable – bordeline personality disorder. Therapy requires an integrated approach, with an emphasis on psychotherapy and family therapy, as well...

Transient hypogamaglobulinemia of infancy

MUDr. Jiří Bufka, MUDr. Eva Sládková, MUDr. Martin Liška, Ph.D., MUDr. Veronika Schwarzová, prof. MUDr. Josef Sýkora, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):24-26 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.005

Transient hypogammaglobulinemia is a relatively common primary antibody immunodeficiency in infants and toddlers with a wide clinical picture. The pathophysiologi­cal basis is a delayed onset of the production of own immunoglobulins, resulting in a temporary decrease in serum IgG concentration in the infant. THI usually resolves spontaneously between the ages of 2 and 6 years. In the laboratory, a reduced serum IgG concentration (possibly also IgA and IgM) dominates with a normal representation of B-lymphocytes. In the differential diagnosis, we also consider other immunodeficiencies. Interdisciplinary cooperation is very important.

Importance and risks of enterobacteria for healthy development of newborn gut microbiota

Ing. Jan Vinkler, Ing. Nikol Modráčková, Ph.D., MUDr. Peter Korček, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Zbyněk Straňák, CSc., MBA, doc. Ing. Věra Neužil Bunešová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):27-32 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.006

The gut microbiome plays a key role in a person's long-term physical and psychological health. Its appropriate composition during the initial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of newborns with the sufficient representation of the taxa with commensal or probiotic potential is essential for defence against infections and proper development of the immune system. Enterobacteria form an integral part of the intestinal microbiota and play a vital role in the initial colonization of the newborn gut. At the same time, these are potential pathogens that can cause serious infections. This article describes the functions of enterobacteria in the microbiota...

Pharmacologically induced gynecomastia in pediatric patients: a review of the most common medications

MUDr. Júlia Bartková, MBA, MPH, Joachim Pilin, Jan Tkáč, Marianna Kotradyová

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):33-36 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.007

Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of breast tissue in males that can have significant psychological impacts, especially in children and adolescents. This article focuses on pharmacologically induced gynecomastia and the most common medications that may contribute to its development. In our analysis, we identified and examined relevant studies and case reports published in the PubMed database that discuss various aspects of gynecomastia in pediatric patients. An important step in the prevention of gynecomastia is the awareness of healthcare professionals, parents, and patients regarding the potential risks associated with the use of certain medications....

The importance of recovery and nutrition for the healthy development of a young athlete

doc. MUDr. Dalibor Pastucha, Ph.D., MBA, MUDr. Marie Skalská, Ing. Hana Střítecká, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):37-41 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.008

For the optimal development of a young athlete, adequate recovery, balanced nutrition, and, in some cases, appropriate dietary supplements are essential. Early sports specialization, where young individuals focus on a single sport from a young age, increases the risk of overuse, chronic injuries, and mental burnout, potentially jeopardizing long-term athletic development and overall attitude towards sports. Recovery processes after physical exertion facilitate muscle fiber repair and support overall physical fitness. Nutrition must include an optimal ratio of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals),...

Necrotic skin folliculitis

MUDr. Lesia Kollárová, MUDr. Tereza Gregorová, doc. MUDr. Eva Sticová, Ph.D., MUDr. Jiří Havránek, MUDr. Simona Kontuľová, MUDr. Andrea Navrátilová, MUDr. Julia Formanová

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):53-55 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.011

The authors present the case of a 11-years old girl who came for a deep pyogenic and gangrenous affection in the area above the left soulder blade. The lesion was located in the area of acne comedonica. The overall condition was not altered. The diagnostic reasoning was broad and we also used the possibility of histopatological examination.

A rare cause of qualitative disorder of consciousness in an 18-year-old boy

MUDr. Markéta Ručková, MUDr. Petra Matalová, Ph.D., MUDr. Alice Nogolová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):57-60 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.012

An 18-year-old boy with epilepsy and multifocal motor neuropathy after influenza vaccination was admitted for respiratory infection and after an epileptic seizure. On admission, clinical findings were poor except for peripheral paraparesis as residual multifocal neuropathy and pharyngitis, with thrombopenia and elevation of inflammatory markers in the admission laboratory. Within 36 hours, he developed a qualitative disruption of consciousness in the nature of delirium with hallucinations, delusions, memory impairment, marked motor restlessness, and sleep inversion. The boy was subsequently transferred to the intensive care unit. Toxicological and...

Skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby after birth in the context of breastfeeding

Mgr. Lucia Mazúchová, PhD., Natália Čanecká

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):67-70 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.014

The aim of the study was to explore women's experiences with skin-to-skin contact (SSC) support after childbirth and how they perceive its connection to breastfeeding. The research sample consisted of 212 women who had a natural childbirth. A questionnaire was used to collect research data. We found postpartum SSC support according to recommended practices in 41.03% of women and partial SSC support (less than 45 min) in 37.73% of women. Positive association of postpartum SSC support on breastfeeding progress was reported by 89.65% of women with supported SSC as per recommended practices and 77.5% of women with partially supported SSC. After leaving...

Clinical and imaging characteristics of midaortic syndrome

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Hana Flögelová, Ph.D., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Brožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):62-66 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.013

Middle aortic syndrome (MAS) is caused by stenosis of the thoracic and/or abdominal aorta, often accompanied by concomitant stenosis of the renal or visceral arteries. Although MAS is rare (0.5-2%), it is a serious cause of hypertension in children and adolescents with high morbidity. It is thought to arise from failure of fusion of the two dorsal aortas during embryonic development, and a high percentage of cases are idiopathic. Clinically, it presents with symptomatic or asymptomatic arterial hypertension. The method of choice today is angiography, non-invasive MR angiography and CT angiography have similar diagnostic accuracy. Ultrasonography is...

Treatment of warts in children

MUDr. Helena Michalíková

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):42-50 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.009

Viral warts are a common disease worldwide caused by the human papillomavirus, which has a number of genotypes. Many of these viruses are commensal and do not cause any symptoms in immunocompetent hosts. Under appropriate conditions, however, some cause clinical changes on the skin or mucous membranes in the anogenital or oropharyngeal part. Verruca vulgaris, verruca plantaris and verruca plana are most often encountered in children. Many of these manifestations disappear on their own, the problem is persistent or stubbornly recurring warts. With the treatment, we try not only to eliminate visible changes while minimizing pain and without scarring,...

Neodymové magnety v močovém traktu

MUDr. Kateřina Pražáková, MUDr. Josef Gut

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):51-52 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.010

Adolescent acne in the hands of a pediatrician - a new generation of retinoids

MUDr. Jana Teplanová

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(1):71-72

Acne vulgaris is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease affecting the sebaceous glands and the adjacent hair follicle. It is one of the most common skin diseases. The occurrence is particularly significant in economically developed countries. Acne affects both children and adults, with the most common manifestations occurring in adolescents and young adults. Manifestations are found in the so-called seborrheic localization and varies in severity. Sometimes complications can arise after acne has healed - erythema, post-inflammatory pigmentation and scars. In the treatment of acne, we have a wide range of treatment methods available. Retinoids play an...