Wellbeing: když slovo musí být naplněno činem 

PhDr. Tereza Kimplová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):199

Airway management in paediatric patients

MUDr. Eva Klabusayová, Ph.D., DESAIC, MUDr. Tereza Bönischová, MUDr. Hana Harazim, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Petr Štourač, Ph.D., MBA, LL.M., FESAIC

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):203-208 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.039

Airway management is a fundamental skill that should be mastered by every physician that may encounter critically ill child. Key procedures include airway opening, proper head positioning, and effective ventilation using a face mask and self-inflating bag with two providers. Depending on the clinical situation, a wide range of airway devices can be used, from supraglottic tools (e. g., laryngeal mask) to infraglottic tools (e. g., tracheal intubation). These techniques have specific considerations in paediatric patients, and their use should always be carefully evaluated with regard to patient safety as the top priority.

Dacryocystocele

MUDr. Lucia Lendacká, MUDr. Vladimír Mišuth, MUDr. Ondřej Vláčil

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):209-211 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.040

Dacryocystocele (synonyms: dacryocele, amniocele, amniotocele, lacrimal sac mucocele) is a rare anomaly of the nasolacrimal system in newborns. It is characterized by cystic distension of the lacrimal sac due to simultaneous obstruction at both the proxi­mal end of the lacrimal duct (Rosenmüller's valve) and the distal end of the lacrimal duct (Hasner's valve) (1). Recognition and management of congenital dacryocystocele is essential to prevent complications such as dacryocystitis, respiratory distress, and visual impairment. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of congenital dacryocystocele and its management.

Mucociliary clearance in the context of respiratory disease treatment: effects of commonly used medications

MUDr. Patrícia Čelková, MUDr. Pavol Dvoran, PhD., prof. MUDr. Peter Bánovčin, CSc., prof. MUDr. Miloš Jeseňák, PhD., MBA, Dott.Ric., MHA

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):212-215 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.041

Mucociliary clearance is an essential airway defence mechanism that plays a key role in the removal of mucus and pollutants from the respiratory tract. Its function can be affected by a wide range of drugs, including those commonly used in the treatment of respiratory diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on their effects on airway cilia activity and efficiency of mucociliary transport, taking into account the differences between drug groups and routes of administration. The aim is to highlight the relevance of these effects for clinical practice and to aid the correct choice of treatment in patients with airway diseases.

Overview of current non-pharmacological support options for children with ADHD and their families in the Czech Republic

PhDr. Mgr. Petra Dvořáčková, PhDr. Ivana Jůzová, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Petr Kachlík, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):216-220 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.042

This article outlines current non-pharmacological support options for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their families in the Czech Republic, to which general practitioners can refer them if needed. It presents comprehensive development programs for attention training, cognitive behavioral therapy, neurofeedback, and support options within the school environment. Attention is also given to self-education and self-help opportunities for parents or legal guardians, which can provide substantial support in managing the everyday challenges daily challenges that families of children with ADHD often face.

Allergic rhinitis in children

MUDr. Barbora Koubková

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):222-225 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.043

Allergic rhinitis is the most common non-infectious rhinitis with a prevalence od 10-20% of the population in the developed countries. In the pediatric population it mainly concerns children older than 5 years, but in recent years the first symptoms appear already in toddler- and preschool-age. Inadequate therapy of allergic rhinitis can lead to the progression of asthma and skin atopic manifestations in pediatric patients. These aspects, together with the decrease of the child's quality of life, are the main reasons for consistent diagnosis and therapy of allergic rhinitis based on the recommendations of the ARIA 2019 iniciative.

The use of artificial intelligence in the environment of the paediatric radiology department

MUDr. Ivana Červinková, Ph.D., MHM

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):226-229 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.044

Artificial intelligence is penetrating many segments of our society and also into healthcare. Radiology, due to the digital form of image data, is a great environment for artificial intelligence that sees the world in numerical form. Artificial intelligence can be used not only for practically the entire period from the patient's arrival to the hospital to the issuance of the radiological report, but also for subsequent monitoring. It has the potential to significantly improve the quality of examinations, increase efficiency and reduce the time needed to achieve correct diagnostic and subsequently treatment decisions, as well as leading to a reduction...

Excipients of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as possible causes of contact eczema

doc. MUDr. Eliška Dastychová, CSc., MUDr. Miroslav Nečas, Ph.D., MUDr. Gabriela Behrami

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):230-233 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.045

Contact sensitization to excipients of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products is most often encountered in chronic eczema sufferers. In the pediatric population, especially in patients with atopic eczema. Sensitization can be caused by preservatives, emulsifiers and antioxidants. Preservatives include: parabens, formaldehyde-releasing preservatives (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, DMDM-hydantoin, Quaternium 15) Kathon CG (chemically a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone and 2 methyl-4-isothiazolinone in a ratio of 3:1), benzalkonium chloride, phenoxyethanol, chloroacetamide, p-chloro-m-cresol, sorbic...

Misuse of artificial intelligence tools to generate child pornography

prof. Mgr. Kamil Kopecký, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):234-237 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.046

The article explores the misuse of artificial intelligence (AI) to generate pornographic images, including child pornography, through so-called deep nudes - applications that create realistic nude images from photographs without the consent of indivi­duals. This phenomenon has serious psychological and social impacts on victims, especially children, who can become targets of cyberbullying, blackmail and other forms of abuse. Research shows an increasing prevalence of this phenomenon among young people and celebrities. The article highlights the need for stricter regulation, prevention and research to ensure victim protection and an effective legal response.

"Leg-Gut-and-Liver disease": leg pain as an unusual indicator of ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis

MUDr. David Klepárník, MUDr. Mária Véghová-Velgáňová, MUDr. Lenka Rašková, doc. MUDr. Jana Volejníková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):242-245 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.047

A 13-year-old previously healthy male was admitted for pressure and cramping pain of the lower limbs, unresponsive to common analgesics. The episode of pain followed a respiratory infection with cough and fever; there were no other concurrent symptoms. Laboratory tests showed no evidence of myositis but, surprisingly, a significant elevation of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), only mild elevations in transaminases, conjugated bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). After excluding hepatotropic infections, he was transferred to a tertiary care hospital, where he was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) and primary sclerosing...

How an infection revealed a congenital disease

MUDr. Petr Birke, MUDr. Barbora Ludíková, Ph.D., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj Zbrožková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):246-248 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.048

Parvovirus B19 not only causes erythema infectiosum, it can also cause myocarditis, arthralgias and/or arthritis, and can cause hydrops fetalis, pure red blood cell aplasia in immunocompromised individuals, and finally transient aplastic crisis in patients with congenital hemolytic anemias. We present the case of a boy who was diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis at the age of six due to parvovirus B19 infection.

Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum after dental procedure

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr. Dana Dostálková, MUDr. Tamara Pavlíková, MUDr. Marie Slunská

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):250-252 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.049

Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are rare, but well-known complications of dental procedures. Classically, subcutaneous emphysema occurs within minutes to hours after conclusion of dental procedures especially following intraoral surgical procedures. This emphysema is commonly misdiagnosed as either an allergic reaction or acute post-operative swelling. This case report describes a female toddler who underwent routine dental procedure with use of pharmacologic sedation. She subsequently developed subcutaneous emphysema and pneuomediastinum probably as connection between paradoxical drug reaction and repeated Valsalva maneuver.

Health and safety risks associated with the use of virtual reality when a nurse works with a pediatric patient

PhDr. Ľubomíra Lizáková, PhD., MPH, Mgr. Ing. Alena Lochmannová, PhD. et PhD., MBA, PhDr. Dagmar Magurová, PhD., MPH, Inge Tency RM, MSc, PhD., prof. Dr. André Posenau, PhDr. Valéria Horanská, PhD., MPH

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):257-260 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.051

Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) is an interactive computer system that creates sensory experiences by creating illusions of reality. However, there are some risks and important limitations to consider when using VR with children, including the child’s age, nausea, cybersickness, excessive eye strain, various mental health risks, and safety risks.  Objective: The aim of the article is to increase awareness, knowledge, competence, and skills in VR among nursing students and nurses and educators, to ensure the acceptance and use of VR in clinical practice, and to integrate digital competence into nursing education.  Conclusion: When using VR...

Streptococcus agalactiae as a cause of soft tissue phlegmon of the ankle in a newborn secondary to the Guthrie test

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Zbrožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Michálková, Mgr. Pavla Kučová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):253-256 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2025.050

Heel-prick blood sampling in newborns is a common method used to collect capillary blood in neonatal departments. This seemingly harmless procedure can sometimes lead to inflammation of the soft tissues of the skin (cellulitis), heel osteomyelitis, or bacteremia. Calcaneal cellulitis in newborns is a rare and unusual infection. The authors present a 16-day-old newborn who developed soft tissue cellulitis of the right ankle and heel, with a healed incision, following a capillary blood collection (Guthrie test). The causative agent of the infection was Streptococcus agalactiae type III, which was detected in the infant's blood culture. Timely and targeted...

Phimosis in children

doc. MUDr. Oldřich Šmakal, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):238-240

Phimosis, a condition in which the foreskin is too tight to be retracted over the glans, is a frequent reason for a child's visit to the doctor. Its treatment depends on the correct diagnosis and patient complaints. In primary, or congenital phimosis, the approach is as conservative as possible; in acquired, or secondary, phimosis, most cases require a circumcision to be performed. The mainstay of conservative treatment is proper care of the boy's penis allowing a spontaneous development of the foreskin that can be promoted by local administration of a corticoid ointment. When circumcision is indicated, its extent will be determined by the intraoperative...

Some functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in infants and their management

doc. MUDr. Milan Kuchta, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):265-270

Introduction: The postnatal adaptation of a child to extrauterine life is a very complex process and occurs with different sequences and different "speeds". From this point of view, the manifestations of adaptation of the digestive tract may not always be correctly understood and interpreted and may have varied symptoms. Several symptoms may not be "pathological" manifestations but adaptation manifestations. These manifestations are usually transient and do not seriously threaten the child. Examples include infant grumbling or infant colic. Context: It is necessary to realize that many functional disorders of the digestive tract result from the gradual...

Často nemocné dítě - možnosti imunomodulace

MUDr. David Salát

Pediatr. praxi. 2025;26(4):261-264