Pediatrics for Practice, 2017, issue 1

Editorial

Slovo úvodem

Redakce

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):3

Review articles

Purulent meningitis in children

MUDr. Pavla Křížová, CSc., MUDr. Jana Kozáková, MUDr. Věra Lebedová, Ing. Helena Šebestová

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):8-11 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.002

The spectrum of bacteria causing purulent meningitis in children in the Czech Republic has changed over the last decades, depending on the implementation of vaccination programmes against diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae b, and Neisseria meningitidis. Prior to the introduction of the above-mentioned vaccination strategies, these bacterial agents were predominant; recently, their proportion has dramatically decreased. The 2015 EPIDAT (infectious disease reporting system) data show ten cases of purulent meningitis in children under 5 years of age, out of which nine were confirmed in children under 1 year of age,...

Current treatment options for cough in children

prof. MUDr. František Kopřiva, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):12-17 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.003

Cough is the most frequent symptom in children for which parents seek medical attention for their child. Depending on its duration, cough can be divided into acute (< 3 weeks), prolonged (3–4 weeks), and chronic (> 4–6 weeks). Most children with acute cough have viral upper respiratory tract infection. The article presents a review of therapeutic active substances and medicinal products in treating dry as well as productive cough in children.

Paediatric flat foot

MUDr. Petr Teyssler, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Vojtěch Havlas, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):18-21 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.004

Although paediatric flat foot is an often finding in children only relatively small number of paediatric patients require active treatment. The problem involves broad spectrum of clinical findings and the treatment approach is indicated according to severity of the clinical appearance. Insoles are often indicated where not necessary, surgical treatment is vice-versa underestimated. Proper clinical examination and accurate knowledge of functional complex of foot and calf is necessary in order to indicate the appropriate treatment modality.

Unlicensed drug use in examples from paediatric practise

PharmDr. Kateřina Ládová, Ph.D., PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D., Mgr. Milan Vegerbauer, PharmDr. Petra Thomson

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):22-26 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.005

The number of medicinal products for human use, which are not registered in the Czech Republic but used nevertheless, is constantly increasing. There are various reasons behind the use of unlicensed medicines, notably due to medicine manufacturing and distribution causes. This problem in the field of paediatrics arises also from the fact that clinical trials involving children are more intricate. So as to minimize medication errors, it is crucial for healthcare professionals as well as the patients and their caregivers to follow the good practice procedures linked with the handling of unlicensed and off-label medicines. The aim of this article...

Infant formulas – current recommendations

MUDr. Eva Karásková

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):26-30

Breastfeeding is an optimal infant nutrition. In case, when the breast-feeding is impossible, it is necessary to use the infant formulas. The article gives an overview of the formulas available in Czech Republic, as for healthy children as for children with gastroesophageal reflux, Cow´s-Milk Protein Allergy or for immature newborns and infants with failure to thrive.

Otitis media in children – practice essentials

MUDr. Martin Formánek, MUDr. Debora Jančatová, MUDr. Karol Zeleník, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Pavel Komínek, Ph.D., MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):32-35 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.007

Middle ear inflammation is common diseases in children. The most common symptoms and treatment options for acute otitis media, recurrent acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion are closely discussed.

Current possibilities of treatment of atopic eczema

MUDr. Štěpánka Čapková

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):36-41

Atopic eczema (AE) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder. In spite of intensive investigations, the causes of AE remain uncelar, but are likely to be multifactorial in nature. Among various measures of AE managment skin hydration, which improves barrier function and relieve itchiness, may be helpful to reduce the need for topical steroid use and therefore it should be used as a basic treatment. Avoiding aggravating factors is also a basic treatment of AE. Standard medical treatment with a pharmacologic approach may be necessary if basic treatment fails to control symptoms sufficiently. Recently,more attention is given to proactive treatment regimen...

Viral intestinal infections – viral gastroenteritides

MUDr. Petra Rainetová

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):44-49 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.009

Viral intestinal infections (acute gastroenteritides, AGE) are second only to respiratory infections as the most common cause of infectious disease worldwide. Specific prevention with vaccination is available only for rotaviruses; the treatment is mainly symptomatic. The development of molecular biology based diagnostic methods, involving all the major viral causative agents of gastroenteritides, leads to a more accurate monitoring and thus reporting of these infections.

Case report

Progressive dyspnea and tachypnea as the major symptoms of the rare critical congenital heart defect

MUDr. Eva Klásková, Ph.D., MUDr. Pavla Flodrová, MUDr. Petr Hecht, MUDr. Patrik Flodr, Ph.D., MUDr. Jaroslav Wiedermann, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):52-55 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.010

Authors report a rare case of an infant presenting with progressive dyspnea and tachypnea together with heart murmur at the age of four weeks as a result of multivessel primary stenosis of common pulmonary veins drainage into the left atrium. The patient underwent two sutureless pulmonary vein stenosis repairs which always left to the only temporary amelioration of symptoms. At the age of seven months, the baby died of severe post-capillary pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary vein stenosis represents a relatively rare disease typically occurring in infants. It is related to inadequate proliferation of myofibroblastic cells in pulmonary veins wall...

The rare case of boy with diagnosis LAL-D

MUDr. Lenka Ťoukálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):56-58 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.011

Rare storage disease LAL-D (lysosomal acid lipase-deficiency) is an autosomal recesive disorder. Formely it used to be named Wolman´s disease or CESD (cholesteryl ester storage disease). These two formes differ only by the activity of the coded enzyme, whose residual activity is responsible for the gravity of the symptoms and the time of their occurence. There was no effective therapy antill recently. But this has changed and ERT (enzyme replacement therapy) with acid lipase is the new perspective. Diagnostic markers are: 1. Dyslipidemia, high total cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, triglycerides are not elevated in all the...

Streptococcus pyogenes as a cause of toxic shock syndrome

MUDr. Radka Drápalová, prof. MUDr. František Kopřiva, Ph.D., MUDr. Lenka Šigutová, MUDr. Vratislav Smolka, MUDr. Kamila Michálková, MUDr. Petr Kamínek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):59-63 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.012

Toxic shock syndrome is a serious disease that can be caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Symptoms of toxic shock syndrome are not very specific at first, so it is not taken into account in differential diagnosis. We present a case report of an eight-year-old girl with the toxic shock syndrome, who was admitted to Department of Pediatrics with a pain of lower limb and fever. The expansion of size 6.5 x 5 cm in the right gluteal region of unclear etiology was found during the ultrasound examination. The health condition of the patient got worse during a few hours and developed into the shock with multi-organ failure. Streptococcus pyogenes, type emm...

For nurses

The needs of children with cancer – A view from the perspective of the children and the parents

Mgr. Andrea Filová, PhDr., Lucie Sikorová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):67-70 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.078

Infantile oncological illnesses significantly modify the needs of children, the preference of the individual needs as well as their fulfillment. The aim of our analysis was the identification of the needs of ontological ill children including their saturation/fulfillment and the perception of these needs through the eyes of parents with ontological ill children. The research group consisted of 50 children and 70 parents, who were hospitalized or present at the outpatients’ department in selected health care institutions of the Olomouc region without a concretization of the given facility. In addition, the group consisted of parents and...

Clinicoradiological diagnosis

Female teenager presenting with vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and weigh loss as a manifestation of pregnancy

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Jaroslava Mikulášová, MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2017;18(1):64-66 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2017.077

A 17-year-old girl presents to emergency department with abdominal pain accompanied by emesis, nausea and weight loss that was intermittent over the last few weeks. Although the patient at first denied the possibility of sexual activity, a pregnancy was subsequently confirmed. Pregnancy was diagnosed based on the combination of the clinical symptoms, sonographic findings and increased serum human chorionic gonadotrophin.