RZP - pohled z druhé strany

MUDr. Josef Grym

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):307 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.080  

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome by children

doc. MUDr. Jakub Zieg, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):311-314 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.063  

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is thrombotic microangiopathy characterised by the presence of acute kidney injury, nonimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. It is one of the most common cause of pediatric acute kidney injury. Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of HUS along with modern diagnostic and therapeutic methods significantly improved outcomes of affected patients. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the topic.

Possibilities of influencing acute cough of respiratory infections in children

PharmDr. Bc. Hana Kotolová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):315-319 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.064  

Respiratory infections are one of the most common infectious diseases affecting both children and adults. Cough, as a symptom of a cold illness, can go through a phase of dry cough which alternates with a phase of productive cough. In children, it is advisable to avoid centrally acting antitussives. The use of levodropropizine seems to be the most suitable of peripheral antitussives. For productive cough there is a long-term discussion and reassessment of the benefits of mucomodulatory drugs. According to recommendations, erdostein is recommended. From traditional medicine it is recommended even by leading experts to use honey and preparations based...

The early identification of suicidal behaviour in children and cooperation between paediatricians and psychiatrics

MUDr. Ing. Adam Žaludek, MBA, LL.M., MUDr. Jan David, Ph.D., MUDr. David Marx, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):320-322 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.065  

The care of children with suicidal behaviour needs interdisciplinary cooperation, most often this includes paediatricians and psychiatrists. Psychiatry is ranked among the most crucial ones. The aim of this article is to present the aspects of early identification of suicidal behaviour in children and cooperation between paediatricians and psychiatrics.

Metamizol in paediatric pain management

PharmDr. Petra Rozsívalová, MUDr. Radek Štichhauer, Ph.D., MUDr. Lucie Holická, MUDr. Pavel Rozsíval, MUDr. Marie Kopecká, doc. MUDr. Sylva Skálová, Ph.D., doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):323-329 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.066  

Metamizole (dipyrone) has been used in clinical practice for almost 100 years as a non-opioid analgesic with spasmolytic activity (mostly higher doses) in the perioperative treatment of acute pain and as a second-line antipyretic. Metamizole has acceptable adverse effect profile with minor antiplatelet and gastrointestinal side effects. Metamizole remains a controversial analgesic for the occurrence of very rare idiosyncratic immunological adverse reactions such as neutropenia and agranulocytosis. Where metamizole is used, blood dyscrasias continue to be reported, but the actual prevalence in the adult and the paediatric population has not been elucidated....

Anorectal manometry in children

MUDr. Ivana Slívová, doc. MUDr. Peter Ihnát, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):330-333 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.067  

Anorectal manometry presents adiagnostic tool designed to evaluate functional parameters of anorectal activity. During the last decades, 3D High Resolution (HR) manometry has been developed. Solid catheters with miniaturized semiconductor sensors enable exact measurement with high resolution and creation of 3D pressure models of anorectum. In comparison with water-perfused catheters, HR manometry offers more exact and detailed data used for the assessment of anorectal functional disorders. Anorectal manometry should be performed in children with defecation stereotype disorders such as constipation or incontinence. In younger children, Hirschprung'sdisease...

Atopic eczema in children and skin care for children prone to atopy

PharmDr. Klára Bechná

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):334-341 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.068  

The Greek word atopy, from which the name of the disease is derived, means strange, out of place. Atopic eczema is a multifactorial, chronic skin disease which nowadays is no longer strange nor with no clear location. Currently, we know enough about the disease, though still not everything. Due to intensive research into the causative factors, which include genetic predispositions, immuno¬logical imbalance, impaired skin barrier function, and environmental effects, our understanding of the disease and treatment options continue to grow. Emollients are the mainstay of treatment which, in itself, can bring relief in up to 50% of cases, promote the...

Patient with phenylketonuria: current treatment options and future prospects

doc. MUDr. Dagmar Procházková, Ph.D., MUDr. Petra Konečná, Ph.D., MUDr. Kateřina Slabá

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):342-345 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.069  

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine, which is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase in the liver. Untreated PKU primarily leads to cognitive impairment. The most commonly used treatment is a low-protein diet with a low content of phenylalanine in the diet (phenylalanine free amino acid mixtures, glycomacropeptide-GMP, neutral long-chain amino acids-LNNAs). Decreased organoleptic properties of a low-protein diet lead to poor adherence to a diet with possible cognitive and executive dysfunction. For this reasons, new treatment options are sought,...

Mucoactive agents in treating cough

PharmDr. MVDr. Vilma Vranová, Ph.D., PharmDr. Karel Vašut, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):346-349 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.070  

Cough is a fundamental defence mechanism that maintains clear airways; moreover, phlegm production is an integral part of a non-specific protective immune response in the respiratory tract. The above facts have to be taken into account and respected when choosing an optimal cough pharmacotherapy. For mucosal healing, it is appropriate to promote mucociliary clearance, surfactant production, and other physiological functions. The action of mucoactive agents is not restricted to altering the rheological properties of mucus; these drugs also stimulate surfactant production, have antioxidant properties, reduce oxidative stress, decrease bacterial adherence,...

Human milk oligosaccharides and gut microbiota

MUDr. Jan Boženský

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):350-353 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.071  

Human milk contains approximately 200 complex oligosaccharides believed to stimulate the growth and establishment of a protective microbiota in the infant gut. Since the discovery of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) more than 60 years ago, research has faced a lot of problems. But in the last 10 years, there has been made progress in these areas. Based upon in vitro experiments, animal studies, and a few studies in humans, many functions of HMO have been discovered. In this article, we focus on the potential of HMO to influence the microbial composition in the gastrointestinal tract, development of children immunity or epigenetic changes, wich can...

Cooperation of a pediatrician with pedagogical-psychological advisory and orthoptist in the child with reading and writing problems

Mgr. Andrea Jeřábková, doc. Mgr. Pavel Beneš, Ph.D., Mgr. Šárka Hlubocká

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):354-356 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.072  

The aim of this summarizing article is to give information about the significance of an interdisciplinary cooperation, about the importance of an early diagnostics and an treatment of the vision at children who have problems with reading and writing at school. The article points out an important cooperation of apediatrician with aspecial teacher and an orthoptist and the other professions at the therapeutic strategy at achild who has problems at school. Thanks to an early and correct procedure it is possible to help achild to solve this problem in ashort time.

Treatment of amblyopia in an older child in cooperation with a pediatrician

Mgr. Andrea Jeřábková, doc. Mgr. Pavel Beneš, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):357-358 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.073  

The article deals with the orthoptic treatment by an older child. The case history describes the situation when a pediatrician found out the considerable lack of vision in comparison with previous examination by the child with spectacle correction. As the cause was supposed the ophthalmological diagnosis that is why the child wore spectacles. After re-putting on of occlusion and orthoptic training it came to the improvement of visual acuity and all binocular functions.

Don´t forget to measure patient´sblood pressure!

MUDr. Patrik Konopásek, MUDr. Naděžda Šimanková, doc. MUDr. Jakub Zieg, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):360-363 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.074  

The blood pressure measuring is non-invasive, cheap and simple examination. It may be done very easily in general pediatrician´soffice. Also there are plenty of devices available for home measuring. The blood pressure measurements should not only be part of preventive check-ups but should be included in full physical examination. We present apatient with secondary hypertension who was diagnosed by pediatric neurologist.

Kawasaki shock syndrome

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr. Marie Macků, MUDr. Jana Fráňová, MUDr. Marcel Schüller, Ph.D., MUDr. Lukáš Homola, Ph.D., MUDr. Pavel Vít

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):364-368 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.075  

Kawasaki disease (KD) was described more than 50 years ago and is still rare in our country. Etiopathogenesis KD has not been elucidated yet and similar findings of auxilliary examinations are missing. KD diagnosis still depends on the sequence of clinical signs that allow the determination of the classical variant of KD, but also the incomplete variant. Occasionally, it has been reported that some KD patients might present hemodynamic instability with severe shock symptoms. Herein we describe our experience with this serious course of KD.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

MUDr. Martin Chvojka, MUDr. Josef Gut, MUDr. Miroslav Jiránek

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):369-373 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.076  

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that occurs most often after an infection, typically in children and adolescents. The clinical picture is dominated by encephalopathy and various neurological deficits. Since ADEM bears resemblance to other demyelinating syndromes of childhood, the diagnosis has to be made by excluding other ethiologies, such as multiple sclerosis, although the patient history, clinical findings and imaging methods makes it readily distinguishable. Treatment of choice for ADEM is high-dose cocorticosteroids, altough intravenous immunoglobulins or plasmapheresis...

Co-sleeping with infant in view of lactation counselor

Mgr. Andrea Schönbauerová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):377-378 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.078  

Problematics of the children's sleep in the parents' bed is current topic. The article provides information on the benefits and risks of co-sleeping from current scientific studies and the personal experience of the child nurse - lactation counselor with the way, how co-sleeping is practiced in families with newborns and infants. The final part shows how to educate mothers about co-sleeping, which areas to focus on and what specific recommendations to provide to mothers.

The issue of infantile colic in primary care

Bc. Lucie Kratinová, Mgr. Alena Machová

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):379-382 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.079  

The article introduces the results of the research focused on the issue of infantile colic from the perspective of infant mothers and nurses working in ageneral practitioner'soffice for children. Infant colic is arelatively common problem of infant age. According to the latest studies, the prevalence of Wessel-modified colic ranges from 17% to 25% during the first 6 weeks of age, decreasing with age (1). The results showed that parents of children with infantile colic have more information about the issue than parents whose children do not suffer from infantile colic. Next, that nurses have professional knowledge this issue and especially the important...

Dextrocardia in a child with left‑sided poland syndrome

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Vendula Látalová, prof. MUDr. František Kopřiva, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Eva Klásková, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Michálková

Pediatr. praxi. 2020;21(5):374-376 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2020.077  

Poland syndrome (PS) is a rare congenital anomaly accompanied by the unilateral absence of the pectoralis major, and the ipsilateral chest-wall and upper-limb deformity. The combination of PS and dextrocardia is very uncommon, only 20 cases having been published until now. If coexistence of dextrocardia in PS is present, it is almost always associated with left chest deformities. We present a nine-month-old infant with left-sided PS associated with isolated dextrocardia and partial agenesis of the 3^rd and 4^th left ribs.