Přichází éra personalizované medicíny

Vladimír Mihál

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):3  

Sharenting among Czech parents and its risks

doc. Mgr. Kamil Kopecký, Ph.D., doc. PhDr. René Szotkowski, Ph.D., JUDr. Mgr. Helena Mičková, Mgr. Veronika Krejčí

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):8-12 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.011  

The paper focuses on the issue of sharenting, i. e. the sharing of children's materials online by their own parents. In our paper, we summarize the results of a quantitative research (questionnaire survey) on Sharenting among Czech parents (2022), conducted by Palacký University in Olomouc in cooperation with Microsoft, which involved 2 481 parents from all over the Czech Republic. The research focused mainly on the risky sharing of photos and videos, but also addressed the legal aspects associated with this phenomenon. According to the results of the research, 69% of Czech parents share sensitive information about their children, with photo sharing...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children

doc. MUDr. Hanuš Rozsypal, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):13-16 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.012  

HIV infection in children is rare in developed countries. The relatively low proportion of women among HIV-positive individuals, the screening of pregnant women, and prophylactic measures to prevent vertical transmission hinder a more significant spread of the infection in children. Currently, there are around 20 HIV-infected children in health care in the Czech Republic, including refugees from Ukraine. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an effective tool in the care of HIV-infected people that allows for a virtually asymptomatic course of the disease, with a life expectancy comparable to that of the general population. The treatment of children with...

The use of current nutritional guidelines to support children´s health including oral health

MUDr. Pavel Sedláček, Ph.D., MUDr. Monika Bludovská, MUDr. Iveta Plavinová, doc. MUDr. Vlasta Merglová, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):18-23 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.013  

In 2021 the Czech Society for Nutrition published a document "The Healthy thirteen-concise dietary guidelines for the general public". The aim of these recommendations for adults, children, and the elderly is to promote health with the goal of comprehensively communicating the basics of a healthy lifestyle, primarily by providing suggestions for healthy nutrition. The purpose of this article is to evaluate this document from the viewpoint of health promotion and protection, including oral health, in terms of its comprehensibility, utilization in paediatric practice and compatibility with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and...

Multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of chronic childhood cough in pediatric practice

MUDr. Peter Kunč, PhD., MUDr. Jaroslav Fábry, PhD., prof. MUDr. Renata Péčová, PhD., MUDr. Peter Ferenc, PhD., MUDr. Tomáš Strachan, PhD., MUDr. Michaela Matiščáková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):24-28 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.014  

Chronic cough is one of the most common causes of differential diagnosis in childhood. The reasons for the appearance and persistence of cough refractory to symptomatic therapy are diverse. Taking this into account, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary, which often leads to the early detection of the exact causative agent of cough and thus conditions the initiation of specific and targeted therapeutic interventions. The most common clinical entities involved in chronic cough include prolonged bacterial bronchitis, bronchial asthma, and upper airway cough syndrome. The role of pediatricians in the primary care sector is crucial in the diagnostic...

Functional dyspepsia in pediatrics

MUDr. Pavel Frühauf, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):29-32 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.015  

Functional dyspepsia is described as epigastric discomfort that, after appropriate medical evaluation, cannot be attributed to another medical condition. According to the Rome IV criteria, functional dyspepsia is prevalent in roughly 10% of children and adolescents. Abnormalities of gastric sensory and motor functions, visceral hypersensitivity, Helicobacter pylori, postinfectious functional dyspepsia, and psychosocial factors can all contribute to the development of symptoms. Although not life-threatening, functional dyspepsia is associated with a significant reduction in the quality of life and increased medical costs. Currently, there is no specific...

Viral neuroinfections in childhood

MUDr. Renata Kračmarová

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):33-36 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.016  

In last years, the decline of bacterial meningitides can be noticed. However, in the case of viral neuroinfections, the same trend is not observed. Although the most of viral meningitides have a benign course, they rang among severe diseases of childhood age. The reasons are, among others, prolonged hospitalization and the necessity of invasive diagnostic methods. The most frequent viral neuroinfections occurred in the Czech conditions are the tick-borne encephalitis and meningitides caused by enteroviruses and herpesviruses. The herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the varicella-zoster virus are the most important from the last group. There is a benefit...

The way of feeding a lactating mother and its influence on the nutrition of the infant and the quality of human milk

Ing. Mgr. Diana Chrpová, Ph.D., doc. Ing. Šárka Musilová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):38-42 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.017  

The diet of a nursing woman is an important factor that affects the composition of human milk and therefore contributes to the health of both mother and child. There are several nutrients in human milk that correlate closely with the mother's nutrient intake. Such as the composition of fatty acids, vitamin B₁₂, vitamin D. It is believed that human milk has immunomodulatory properties, which are also often associated with human milk oligosaccharides, but also fulfils several other functions such as antimicrobial and prebiotic, which fundamentally interfere with colonization the intestines of a breastfed newborn and it is difficult to supplement...

Mania after COVID-19 pneumonia

MUDr. Jonáš Boček

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):43-45 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.018  

COVID-19 is a disease affecting mainly the respiratory system, but the manifestations of the infection can be multi-organs. The effect of this disease on the mental state of patients cannot be neglected. In this case report, we presents the case of a fifteen years old boy who developed manic symptoms after the acute phase of the disease.

An unusual cause of convulsions in a 13-year-old female patient

MUDr. Dagmar Balvínová, MUDr. Martina Beldová, MUDr. Ondřej Čapek, MUDr. Lumír Šašek

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):46-48 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.019  

The case report presents an unusual cause of convulsions in a 13-year-old patient. Hypertension was detected in prehospital care. Pregnancy was verified by a gynecologist after presence of obvious abdominal resistance. Acute s.c. was indicated immediately because of persistance of convulsions due to eclampsy.

Coarctation of the aorta - still a risky and late identified defect?

MUDr. Mária Najdeková, MUDr. Michaela Galková, MUDr. Simona Vezérová, MUDr. Alexandra Molnárová, MUDr. Tomáš Gruszka, doc. MUDr. Jan Pavlíček, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):49-52 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.020  

Coarctation of the aorta is a significant congenital heart defect with a clinical manifestation at any time during childhood or even in adulthood. Warning or diagnostic signs include arterial hypertension, diminished femoral pulses, an arm-leg blood pressure gradient, a systolic murmur in the interscapular area and in case of a critical defect a clinical presentation of heart failure. Despite a relative simplicity of clinical diagnosis to prompt suspicion of this defect, a significant number of patients escape diagnosis until adolescence or adulthood. Coarctation of the aorta has a good prognosis. However if it is diagnosed in older age or in the presence...

Acute liver failure after MDMA (Ecstasy) intoxication

MUDr. Markéta Nowaková, MBA, MUDr. Bořek Trávníček, MBA, MUDr. Michal Frelich, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Jan Pavlíček, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):53-56 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.021  

Ecstasy (methylendioxymethamphetamine, MDMA) is the second most frequently used drug, following cannabis. Ecstasy is an illegal substance, and its acute intoxication risks being the development of serotonin syndrome, severe hyperthermia and malignant arrhythmias. Suicidal overdose with MDMA, which is described in this article, is rare but scarcely occurs. The authors presents a case report of ecstasy - induced serotonin syndrome and fulminant hepatic failure requiring liver transplantation following a suicidal attempt in a 16-year-old girl.

Breast milk donation from the mothers' perspective

Mgr. Michaela Abrmanová, Mgr. Andrea Schönbauerová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):68-70 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.024  

The article deals with the issue of "Milk Baby Sharing", where, due to increased demand, breast milk is transferred from a donor mother to a mother who needs milk for her baby outside the environment of a milk bank or collection centre. The illegal sharing of breast milk between mothers is a cause for concern, particularly in relation to the transmission of infectious diseases, chemicals or pharmaceuticals. This article presents the results of a research investigation that summarizes mothers' personal experiences of breast milk sharing, including a description of the strategies mothers use to obtain milk, the reasons for demand, and which way they...

Peripubertal asymmetric enlargement of labium majus

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., doc. MUDr. Jiřina Zapletalová, Ph.D., MUDr. Jakub Čivrný, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):59-61 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.022  

CALME is a non-neoplastic enlargement of normal vulvar soft tissue in response to prepubertal hormonal stimulation resembling unilateral breast enlargement. The prognosis is good and biopsy or surgical treatment is not necessary. We present a 13-year-old pubertal girl who observed gradual enlargement of the right labia at the age of 11 years and two months. Unilateral labium majus hypertrophy without inflammatory and neoplastic features was diagnosed as pediatric asymmetric labia majora enlargement (CALME) after ultrasound and MR examination.

Taking care of sensitive skin in children

MUDr. Helena Michalíková

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):62-67 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2023.023  

Children's skin is both structurally and functionally different from that of adults. After birth, there are rapid changes associated with maturation of the barrier function in particular, but at the same time the skin immune system is formed, melanogenesis occurs, and so on. Children's skin is softer, more sensitive, and more permeable. There is a risk of increased absorption and, thus, even of toxic action of some compounds (e. g., salicylic acid). Therefore, the care of children's skin and choice of appropriate products should be given particular attention.

Synbiotics in Cow´s Milk Allergy Management

MUDr. Simona Bělohlávková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):72-74  

Cow´s milk allergy (CMA) is the most common food allergy in early childhood with rapidly inceasing prevalence. Treatment for breastfed infants is exlusion of cow´s milk from the maternal diet. In those infants, unable to breastfed, we use extensively hydrolyzed formulas or, in most severe cases, amino acid formulas. The application of synbiotics (specific pre- and probiotics) in these formulas is a relatively new concept. Clinical effect of these formulas on improvement of allergic symptoms and growth is comparable with standard formulas. On the other hand, formulas with synbiotics have significant effect on number of infections and also infants gut...

Gratulace k významnému životnímu jubileu –  doc. MUDr. Michal Hladík, Ph.D., sedmdesátiletý

doc. MUDr. Jan Pavlíček, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Pískovský, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):71