Dětská obezita: stále máme čas na změnuEditorial

prim. MUDr. Jan Boženský, MBA

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):139

Vosoritide - naděje pro děti s achondroplaziíHeard at a congress

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):195-198

Ramsay Hunt syndrome complicated by varicela zoster virus associated meningoencephalitis in a six-year-old girlClinicoradiological diagnosis

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Lenka Bakaj-Zbrožková, Ph.D., MUDr. Tomáš Bakaj, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):192-194 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.032

Ramsay Hunt syndrome (RHS) is caused by reactivation of the varicela zoster virus, which persists in a latent state in the geniculate ganglion after primary infection with chickenpox. The syndrome is characterized by a combination of peripheral facial nerve palsy, a painful herpetiform vesicular eruption on the ear auricle and in the external auditory canal, and possible accompanying vestibulocochlear symptoms with disturbances of taste, hearing, or balance. It occurs less frequently in children and generally has a milder course than in adults. The syndrome accounts for approximately 15% of cases of facial nerve palsy in children. Rarely, it can be...

When a "viral infection" is not a viral infection: morning vomiting and behavioral changes as signs of intracranial hypertension in a toddlerCase report

MUDr. Miroslav Belbl

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):189-191 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.031

We present the case of an almost two-year-old girl who presented to the pediatric emergency ambulance with sudden onset of symptoms of intracranial hypertension and peripheral facial nerve palsy. Due to the alarming symptoms, brain imaging was immediately performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of a brainstem tumor with obstructive hydrocephalus. The girl was subsequently transferred to a neurosurgical department for ventricular drainage. The discussion addresses the prevalence of these tumors, their prognosis, and their typical symptoms.

Case report of severe congenital neutropeniaCase report

MUDr. Pavel Mazánek

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):186-188 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.030

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) comprises a group of rare hematological disorders characterized by profound neutropenia (ANC < 0.5 × 10⁹/L) and impaired neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow. The disease typically presents in early infancy with recurrent and potentially life-threatening bacterial infections. The most common genetic causes include mutations in the ELANE and HAX1 genes. SCN is associated with an increased risk of progression to myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the mainstay of therapy, significantly improving neutrophil counts and reducing infections....

Vomiting and motion sickness in children during travel - recommendation for parentsAt a glance

PharmDr. Petra Rozsívalová, PharmDr. Aneta Vopařilová Marková, Ph.D., MUDr. Marie Kopecká, doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):181-185 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.029

Motion sickness is a physiological response to sensory conflict between the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems, most commonly affecting children aged 4-13 years. The clinical picture ranges from malaise and yawning to nausea and vomiting. Non-pharmacological preventive measures are the cornerstone of management. Pharmacotherapy is indicated when these measures fail; first-generation antihistamines (dimenhydrinate, cinnarizine, moxastine) are the drugs of choice in children. Scopolamine and promethazine are off-label in young children. This article provides a practical, evidence-based summary of motion sickness management including non-pharmacological...

Art therapy intervention in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorderReview articles

doc. MUDr. Petr Kachlík, Ph.D., MSc., Mgr. Pavel Sochor, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):177-180 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.028

This is a review article, the aim of which is to expand awareness of the field of art therapy, the possibilities of applying art therapy approaches, methods and techniques in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The text includes the development of professional knowledge, including current information from research and practice. The paper lists workplaces focusing on this target group. The multidisciplinary topic connects not only special educators, but also psychologists, art therapists and pediatricians.

Nutritional support for preterm infants after discharge: indications for interventions and the role of iron supplementation in comprehensive careReview articles

MUDr. Jiří Dušek, Ph.D., MHA, MUDr. Lenka Nedvědová, MUDr. Jana Dušková

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):174-176 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.027

Nutrition after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit represents an important period influencing the subsequent growth and neurodevelopment of preterm infants. Infants born before 32 weeks of gestation or with very low birth weight remain at increased risk of postnatal growth restriction and nutritional deficiencies. This article summarizes the main indications for nutritional interventions after hospital discharge, with emphasis on growth monitoring and the role of iron supplementation as part of comprehensive post-discharge care. A practical framework for follow-up and nutritional management in outpatient pediatric practice is also discussed.

Association of gastroesophageal reflux and recurrent bronchospasms in preschool children: from pathophysiology to practiceReview articles

MUDr. Peter Kunč, PhD., MUDr. Jaroslav Fábry, PhD., MUDr. Tomáš Strachan, PhD., prof. MUDr. Renata Péčová, PhD., MPH

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):169-173 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.026

Recurrent wheezing represents a significant cause of respiratory morbidity in preschool children. While viral infections remain the primary drivers, comorbidities such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and extraesophageal reflux (EER) play a significant role in refractory cases. This review analyzes the complex and bidirectional relationship between reflux and the respiratory tract, focusing on the pathophysiological mecha­nisms of microaspiration and the vagal reflex. It critically assesses the limitations of standard pH-metry in detecting non-acid reflux and highlights the importance of multichannel intraluminal impedance . Finally, it summarizes...

The most frequently indicated diets in pediatricsReview articles

MUDr. Jiří Kopeček, MUDr. Peter Szitányi, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):159-168 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.025

Children, as adults, have conditions for which dietary adjustments are required as part of their treatment. Diets must be managed with sensitivity to the balance between therapeutic effect and higher energy intake requirements and sufficient provision of nutrients within a developing organism. This review article discusses the most common diets encountered in pediatrics, their characteristics, and their most common risks. Article is focused on diets in chronical diseases.

Proteins in infant diet: how much is too little, how much is too much, how much is optimal, and why?Review articles

doc. MUDr. Milan Kuchta, CSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):152-158

Introduction: Breast milk proteins represent an essential macronutrient for the growth and development of infants. These proteins exhibit specific biological quality: a high proportion of whey proteins relative to casein, a rich content of bioactive fractions (e. g. immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, α-lactalbumin) and play an important role in immunomodulation and digestive maturation. Context: Historically, infant formulas have been designed with higher protein content (≥ 2.5 g/100 kcal) than breast milk to compensate for the different biological value of cow's milk proteins and to support growth. However, such higher levels have been associated...

Neutropenia - a practical guideReview articles

MUDr. Veronika Fiamoli, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):148-151 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.024

Neutropenia is one of the most common hematological findings in children. In the pediatric population, immune-mediated neutropenias predominate, which are transient with variable neutrophil levels, mostly without severe clinical manifestations and may remain under the care of a pediatrician. The most common units of acquired neutropenia include autoimmune neutropenia, parainfectious neutropenia, neonatal neutropenia, and drug-induced neutropenia and neutropenia due to nutritional deficiencies. In contrast, congenital neutropenias, which manifest during the first months of life, are persistent and are accompanied by profound neutropenia with severe...

Eosinophilic esophagitisReview articles

MUDr. Nabil El-Lababidi

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(3):142-147 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.023

Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, progressive, immunologically mediated disease of the oesophagus, which may cause symptoms of oesophageal dysfunction. Both the incidence and prevalence of EoE are increasing. Clinical presentations are varied and often non-specific. Traditionally associated symptoms with EoE, mainly dysphagia and food impaction, are present in school-aged children and adolescents. EoE treatment is based on elimination diet, proton pump inhibitors and/or topical corticosteroids. Anti-interleukin 4/13, dupilumab, may be considered as an option in refractory EoE cases. Prognosis of this disease is unknown.

Dětské duševní zdraví v krizi: změny systému nelze dále odkládatEditorial

doc. MUDr. Michal Goetz, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(2):75

Cavernous hemangioma of the small intestine in a child as a cause of anemia - a case reportCase report

MUDr. Andrej Sipták, MUDr. Jan Škvařil, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(2):131-134 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.021

Vascular tumors are the most common soft tissue neoplasms and account for approxi­mately 7-11% of all benign tumors. However, hemangiomas of the gastrointestinal system are very rare and occur in 0.05% of all gastrointestinal tumors. In this article, we present a case report of a 5.5-year-old boy admitted to the Pediatric Department for anemia syndrome with a hemoglobin value of 39 g/l. After repeated transfusions and stabilization of the condition, an abdominal sonography was performed, followed by CT and MRI with the finding of multilocular expansion of cystic appearance in the left half of the abdomen. The patient was then transferred to the surgical...

What I see, I rememberCase report

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Doležel, CSc., MUDr. Zdeňka Ráčilová, MUDr. Marie Slunská, MUDr. Tomáš Jimramovský

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(2):126-130 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.020

The current spectrum of imaging modalities used in pediatrics is broad and significantly contributes to a clear diagnosis. Regardless of the child's age, ultrasonography is most often used, allowing not only the actual imaging, but also relatively accurate meas­urement of some selected organ structures. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are methods with high resolution, and prior agreement between the pediatrician and radiologist on their rational use in individual patients is always appropriate. Taking into account the fact that the pediatrician usually receives the results of imaging examinations in printed form, the authors of the...

Haemophilus influenzae serotype a as a cause of purulent meningitis in a six-month-old infantCase report

prof. MUDr. Vladimír Mihál, CSc., MUDr. Marie Rohanová, MUDr. Andrea Lysáková, Mgr. Pavla Kučová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(2):122-125 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.019

Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) has historically been the most significant pathogen causing invasive infections. In recent decades, an increase in the incidence of other Haemophilus influenzae serotypes has been observed, particularly serotypes e+ f, as well as, most notably, invasive infections caused by non-typeable strains. Invasive disease caused by Hia, similarly to Hib, affects primarily young children and represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. To better understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Hia, epidemiological studies and active microbiological surveillance of invasive disease across...

The phenomenon of nonsuicidal self-injury - how can we help effectively? - Part 2: Guiding and accompanying our patients towards recoveryReview articles

MUDr. Michaela Chmelíková

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(2):114-121

This section of the text is dedicated to the principles of effective approaches to individuals who self-harm and to the available treatment options (psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy), as recently recommended in the professional literature and as they have proven effective in psychiatric and psychotherapeutic practice. It places particular emphasis on the practical applicability of the presented knowledge in everyday outpatient psychiatric settings. Therefore, it focuses especially on interventions or educational resources that can be directly offered or recommended to patients, their families, or close ones within time-limited conditions. As an example...

Approaches to the early detection of kratom use in pediatric primary care and clinical management of suspected risky useReview articles

MUDr. Martin Haša

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(2):108-113 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.018

Kratom is a plant-derived psychoactive substance that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine in Southeast Asia and as an alternative to other addictive substances. During the past 15 years, its use has increased substantially, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Kratom use may be associated with significant health risks, including the development of dependence. This article aims to provide an overview of key information on kratom and to focus on strategies for early identification in pediatric primary care, including recommended clinical responses to suspected risky or dependent use.

Assessment of kidney function in pediatric outpatient practiceReview articles

MUDr. Patrik Konopásek, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(2):103-107 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.017

Assessment of renal parameters is a routine part of laboratory testing in both outpatient and inpatient pediatric practice. However, the interpretation of laboratory findings is not always straightforward. This may lead to uncertainty regarding further management and, in some cases, to referral to a pediatric nephrologist even in patients with normal kidney function. The aim of this article is to provide outpatient pediatricians with a practical overview of methods for assessing renal function using endogenous markers, including the principles of their correct interpretation.

Dizziness and balance disorders in childhood - practical approach of a pediatricianReview articles

prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Čada, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(2):97-101 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.016

Dizziness and balance disorders in childhood are relatively less common symptoms compared with the adult population; nevertheless, they may represent a significant clinical problem. The diagnosis of vertigo in children is complicated by the fact that children are often unable to describe their symptoms accurately, and the manifestations may be masked or misinterpreted for a prolonged period. Balance disorders in childhood may have a benign etiology; however, in some cases they can be a manifestation of serious neurological disease. This article summarizes a practical approach to the child presenting with dizziness, with a focus on decision-making processes...

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and modern systemic therapy of plexiform neurofibromasReview articles

doc. MUDr. Michal Zápotocký, Ph.D., MUDr. Klára Vejmělková, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(2):90-96 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.015

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a rare monogenic, multisystem disorder with a heterogeneous clinical phenotype and a lifelong risk of complications, including neoplastic complications. It affects approximately 1 in 3,000 live births, and in most patients the diagnostic criteria are fulfilled in early childhood. Plexiform neurofibromas (PN) occur in 30-50% of individuals with NF1 and may cause pain, disfigurement, neurological deficits, or organ compression. In recent years, treatment options for symptomatic, inoperable PN have changed substantially with the introduction of the MEK inhibitor selumetinib. This article summarizes current diagnostic...

Red eye in children: a focus on chronic conditions - a practical guide for pediatriciansReview articles

MUDr. Marta Korbasová

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(2):81-87 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.014

Red eye in children is a common reason for visiting a pediatrician and encompasses a wide spectrum of conditions, ranging from benign cases to serious, vision-threatening pathologies. The most common causes are common acute conjunctivitis of bacterial or viral origin, often associated with a systemic infection in the child, or acute allergic eye symptoms. Chronic red eye is usually caused by a group of chronic allergic conjunctivitis or blepharitis and their complications. These conditions are characterized by their persistence; children return with recurring symptoms, and if not properly diagnosed and treated, they can lead to permanent eye damage...

Atypical forms of invasive meningococcal diseaseReview articles

Mgr. Zuzana Okonji, MUDr. Pavla Křížová, CSc., MUDr. Vyacheslav Grebenyuk, MUDr. Milan Trojánek, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Jan David, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(2):78-80 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.013

The diagnosis of invasive meningococcal disease is often challenging, particularly due to the rapid progression of this life-threatening disease. Cases with predominantly atypical symptoms are even more complicated. These may include pneumonia or pleuritis, perimyocarditis, conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis or abdominal symptoms. These less common forms have come to the forefront of attention following the COVID-19 pandemic, as they are beginning to appear more frequently in some countries. The epidemiological situation in the Czech Republic currently appears favourable; however, careful monitoring and vaccination against this disease remain essential.

Vzpomínka na profesora Jiřího ŠnajdaufaNecrology

prof. MUDr. Jan Starý, DrSc.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):70

Když se z očkování stane kulturní válka, prohrávají dětiEditorial

prof. MUDr. Roman Prymula, CSc., Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):3

Assessing parents' needs in the context of paediatric palliative careFor nurses

Mgr. Petra Růžičková, doc. PhDr. Radka Bužgová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):65-69 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.011

Paediatric palliative care aims to ensure the highest possible quality of life not only for the sick child, but also for their family. It requires specific knowledge and skills and differs significantly from the care provided to adult patients. Assessing parents' needs is key to providing individualized care and helps identify priority areas where parents need help and support. This review study aimed to map and analyse the scope and nature of the needs of parents caring for a child with a life-limiting or life-threatening illness. The results highlighted parents' multifaceted problems and needs, as well as the lack of available assessment tools.

Childhood obesity in the context of lifestyle changes: case studies from pilot researchCase report

Mgr. et Mgr. Tereza Metelcová, Ph.D., Veronika Vyšatová, DiS., Linda Vlková, DiS.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):60-64 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.010

The development of obesity is influenced by various external factors, including diet, physical activity, sleep, and the psychosocial environment. Changes in these factors can disrupt energy balance and lead to excess fat mass. These unhealthy habits became more pronounced during the COVID-19 pandemic due to significant disruptions to normal daily routines. The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate the long-term effects of pandemic restrictions on body weight, diet, and physical activity in children aged 7-13 years who were followed at the Institute of Endocrinology. The children were monitored over a two-year period during regular visits with their...

Hidradenitis suppurativa in the pediatric population - few in number or underdiagnosed disease?Case report

MUDr. Barbara Ivanková, MBA, MUDr. Hana Juhásová, MPH, doc. MUDr. Janette Baloghová, PhD.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):54-59 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.009

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic immune-mediated inflamatory skin disease that occures in up to 2% of the population with an increasing incidence in children and adolescents. Although the disease is more common in adults and adolescents, the actual incidence may be underestimated due to lack of recognition. I tis manifested by formation of painful inflamed nodules and abscesses primarly in areas with the highest incidencem of apocrine sweat glands in the axillary, perigenital, perianal and submammary skin folds. The main challenge remains early diagnosis and targeted therapy, which can dramatically change the trajectory of patients, also with...

Unexpected finding in the airways of a child with cystic fibrosisCase report

MUDr. Anna Šmejkalová, doc. MUDr. Václav Koucký, Ph.D., MUDr. Jana Bartošová, MUDr. Hana Hrdinová, prof. MUDr. Jan Baxa, Ph.D., MUDr. Marcela Kreslová, Ph.D.

Pediatr. praxi. 2026;27(1):48-51 | DOI: 10.36290/ped.2026.008

We present a case report of an unusual cause of lower airway obstruction in a four-year-old boy with severe cystic fibrosis (CF), genotype F508del/F508del, chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and dependent on percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) for long-term failure to thrive. The patient, with psychomotor delay and profound psychosocial deprivation associated with institutional care, was acutely hospitalized for vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss. Chest computed tomography revealed left lower lobe atelectasis suspicious for necrotizing pneumonia, along with significant atelectatic and infiltrative changes in the right...